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Communication Education Volume 39, 1990 - Issue 1
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The long‐term effect of visualization in the classroom: A brief research report

Joe Ayres Professor of Communications, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164
&
Theodore S. Hopf Associate Professor of Communications, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164
Pages 75-78 | Published online: 18 May 2009
 
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Abstract

A number of studies have affirmed the value of visualization in reducing communication apprehension (CA). However, none of these studies investigated whether visualization is effective in reducing CA over an extended period of time. This study compared CA levels of people exposed or not exposed to visualization after four months and after eight months. Those exposed to visualization reported significantly lower CA levels at the end of both time periods than those who were not exposed to visualization.

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Related Research Data

The implementation of a large‐scale program of systematic desensitization for communication apprehension
Source: Informa UK Limited
Comforting Apprehensive Communicators: The Effects of Reappraisal and Distraction on Cortisol Levels Among Students in a Public Speaking Class
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Visualization, systematic desensitization, and rational emotive therapy: A comparative evaluation
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The reticent syndrome: Some theoretical considerations about etiology and treatment
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The timing of speech anxiety reduction treatments in the public speaking classroom
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Oral communication apprehension and avoidance: The current status of treatment research
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Visualization: Reducing speech anxiety and enhancing performance
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Visualization: Is it more than extra‐attention?
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Visualization: A Means of Reducing Speech Anxiety.
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Implementing a skills training program for reticent communicators
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Cognitive restructuring: An alternative method for the treatment of communication apprehension
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Comparative effectiveness of voluntary heart rate control and muscular relaxation as active coping skills for reducing speech anxiety.
Source: American Psychological Association (APA)

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