Thermoreversible mucoadhesive in situ nasal gel for treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). The most obvious symptoms are movement-related such as shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking, rigid muscular movements and difficulty in chewing and swallowing especially solid dosage forms. Ropinirole is an anti-Parkinson drug that has low oral bioavailability which is primarily due to first-pass metabolism. The objective of proposed work was to increase bioavailability of ropinirole and avoid patient discomfort by formulating thermoreversible in situ nasal gel. Thermoreversible nasal gels were prepared by cold method using Pluronic F-127 and hydroxy methyl propyl cellulose (HPMC K4M) as gelling agents. Formulations were evaluated for various parameters such as drug content, pH, gelling time, gelling temperature, gel strength, mucoadhesive force, ex vivo diffusion, histological studies and in vivo bioavailability. Formulations displayed gelation at nasal temperature and the gelation time was found to be less than mucociliary clearance time. The nasal residence time was seen to be increased due to mucoadhesion and increased gel strength. The nasal gel formulations showed ex vivo drug release between 56–100% in 5 h. Histological study of sheep nasal mucosa revealed that the gel had a protective effect on the mucosa unlike plain ropinirole which showed evidence of moderate cellular damage. A fivefold increase in bioavailability in brain was observed on nasal administration as compared to IV route. Thermoreversible in situ nasal gel was found to a promising drug delivery for Parkinsonian patients.

Keywords:

• Gelation
• factorial
• nose-to-brain delivery
• ropinirole
• pluronic 127

Acknowldgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Ashwini Madgulkar, Principal, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India for providing necessary facilities to carry out the research work.

Disclosure statement

The authors reports no declarations of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.