Distribution and formation of degradation products of ¹⁴C-quinclorac in five tropical soils

ABSTRACT

Quinclorac is an extremely persistent herbicide in the environment. However, information regarding the degradation of this herbicide in the soil is missing. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of quinclorac in five tropical soils of contrasting textures by quantifying the extracted residue with formation of metabolites, bound residue and mineralization to ¹⁴CO₂. The herbicide was applied at the dose of 15.1 Bq per biometric vial. For mineralization, 10 mL of NaOH were used, with weekly analyses of radioactivity in the liquid scintillation spectrometer, up to 240 days after application (DAA). Extractions were performed using NaOH and acetone. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plates were used for the separation of the extracted residue in quinclorac and its metabolites. After the extraction, the soils were burned in a biological oxidizer to quantify the bound residue. Half-life (DT50) ranged from 57.7 to 266.5 days and five metabolites were found. The mineralized ¹⁴CO₂ ranged from 12.5 to 25.6%, extracted residue from 104.3% to 23.3% and the bound residue from 3.6 to 49.5%. Quinclorac showed high persistence in the soil, which could cause carryover in subsequent crops and reach non-target organisms, but this depends on the physicochemical characteristics of each soil.

KEYWORDS:

• Metabolites
• mineralization
• high persistence
• radiolabeled herbicide

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP) [Process 2017/20497-8].