Mineralisation and humification of plant matter in soil samples as a tool in the testing of soil quality

Abstract

Since life is inevitably dependent on the assimilation and dissimilation of carbon, and since most of the organic carbon is bound in soil humic matter, the mineralisation and humification of plant carbon in soil should be monitored, so as to evaluate soil quality and avoid ecological risks. For this reason we suggested an incubation test of thirty days in duration with soil samples amended or not with lucerne meal as a source of plant carbon. During the incubation period, CO₂ release is to be measured repeatedly, and thereafter contents of humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) should be estimated and compared with those determined in the original soil samples. Our results obtained with samples from non-fertilized or long-term ( > 40 years) fertilized plots of two field trials indicate that fertilization by NPK + farm yard manure resulted in (i) a slight enhancement of C mineralisation, i.e., CO₂ release from soil, and (ii) a significant increases of HA and FA contents. Soil samples from a reclaimed mine spoil, and either fertilised or not with sewage sludge did not show distinct differences in the same parameters. The practicability of the incubation test as a tool in the monitoring of soil quality should be further proved using samples from differently affected soils.

Keywords:

• Soil quality
• Plant matter
• Mineralisation
• Humification
• Soil monitoring

Acknowledgements

The research presented in this paper was supported in part by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (MZe-M01-01-01), and the German Federal Environmental Agency.