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Abstract
The Long-term Fertilisation Experiment was established in 1986 near Vienna with a three-year crop rotation (sugar beet-winter wheat-winter barley). The most distinct yield effects of organic fertilisation occurred with missing and low mineral N fertilisation. In the treatment without mineral N fertilisation, significantly higher sugar yields (+2.52 t ha−1) were obtained with the application of farmyard manure (FYM) compared to the control. Without mineral N fertilisation significant winter wheat increases through after effects of FYM and slurry application (+0.74 and 0.55 t ha−1) appeared. N surpluses in the variant with incorporating crop residues could be reduced by the omission of mineral N fertilisation with the incorporation of the straw. The highest mean P balances occurred with the application of FYM and slurry, the highest K surpluses were detected in the treatments where crop residues (especially K rich sugar beet leaves) remained on the field. The N, P and K balances correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with the Nt, PCAL and KCAL contents in the soil, respectively. On average of 21 years the utilisation of the applied FYM N amounted 42% and that of slurry N 39%. A higher N utilisation was found using mineral N (between 62% and 77%).