Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Different Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanopowders: in-vitro SBF Activity and Cytotoxicity

ABSTRACT

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) nanopowders from SiO₂-CaO-P₂O₅ system have been prepared by three different variations using different structure directing agents: (1) through wet chemical method (MBWC650) using non-ionic surfactant, PEG; (2) using Pluronic P123, another non-ionic surfactant via hydrothermal process (MBHM650); and (3) using ionic surfactant CTAB, via wet chemical process (MBCTAB650). Comparative study of phase, morphology and textural properties of all M BG nanopowders were accomplished by different characterization techniques. Specific surface area of powders was found to be 52.2, 169.3 and 473.2 m².g^–1 for MBWC650, MBHM650 and MBCTAB650, respectively. Kinetic SBF immersion study was carried out to examine hydroxyapatite forming ability of the powders. Supernatant analyses showed high dissolution of Ca²⁺ and PO₄^3– ions in MBCTAB650 while MBHM650 showed initial level of HAp formation ability over its surface in contrast with MBWC650. Other characterizations confirmed formation of Ca-P over MBG nanopowders. Cell viability of 117% for MBWC650, 90% for MBHM650 and 89% for MBCTAB650 after seven days were noted. MBHM650 and MBWC650 could be suitable candidate as dental/orthopedic bone filler material whereas high surface area of MBCTAB650 powder can be useful for delivering pharmaceutical agents in-vitro / in-vivo.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Mesoporous bioactive glass
• Specific surface area
• Nanopore
• SBF bioactivity
• Hydroxyapatite
• MTT assay