The current issue of the IETE Journal of Research (Vol.64, No.1, Jan.-Feb. 2018) contains 15 articles. These articles present on-going research and developments taking place in the broad areas of Microelectronics, Communication Engineering, Electromagnetics, Power Systems and Biomedical Engineering.
The paper “A Single Clock Charge Pump with High conversion Ratio in 0.18um Process” gives the design of a single clock charge pump for high voltage conversion ratios. A 4-stage charge pump working on a single clock pulse and using a voltage doubler is presented. The charge pump design for 180 nm CMOS technology is studied using simulations on Hspice. The design is also compared with other designs from the literature.
The next paper “Advance Method for Security Enhancement in Optical Code Division Multiple Access System” presents the design of spectral domain and spectro-temporal domain optical code division multiple access system. Multiple access interference is eliminated by zero cross-correlation property of the code. The code detection against eavesdropping is discussed. The performance of the designed code is studied analytically and through simulations, and is compared with other codes.
In the paper “Alternative Approach to Use RLS Algorithm in Multivariable Online Adaptive PID Controllers for MIMO Systems,” gives a design of a multivariable adaptive proportional-integral-derivative controller with recursive least squares adaptation of the PID gains. The method doesnot require the system to have constraints such as stable, minimum phase etc. The stability analysis is done using Lyapunov stability theory. The controller is compared with other controllers for MIMO systems and the results are reported.
The paper titled “APRA: Affinity Propagation-Based Resource Allocation Scheme in M2M for System Capacity Maximization,” presents a resource allocation scheme based on enhanced affinity propagation for machine-to-machine communication processing. A method for forming groups is given in which group members communicate directly after allocation of a channel, and different groups can use the same channel simultaneously. Simulation studies are presented that aim to minimize data delivery delay and computational complexity while increasing throughput, system capacity and energy efficiency.
In “Coaxial Feed Pyramidal Horn Antenna with High Efficiency,” the authors present the design of a short pyramidal horn antenna with coaxial feed for CDMA and GSM 900 bands. Various effects due to coaxial probe length, probe radius and location from the short wall of the waveguide on resonance frequency are studied in simulation environment. The effects of horn length and aperture dimensions on the radiation characteristics are reported. The fabricated antenna's measured performance is compared with simulation estimates.
The next paper titled “Design and Analysis of a Hexa-Band Frequency Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna,” presents the design of a low profile, planar and frequency reconfigurable E-shaped patch antenna for use in portable electronic devices for wireless connectivity. The antenna operates in two single band and two dual-band modes that is determined using two switches. The antenna is matched in all the six frequency bands. The paper gives the measurements from a fabricated prototype and that are compared with simulation results.
The paper on “Design of a new CMOS Low-Power Analogue Neuron,” gives the design of a CMOS low power artificial neuron circuit. It consists of a multiplier and programmable activation function circuits. The four-quadrant multiplier has a single ended current output that contributes to reduce the chip area and power consumption. The performance is studied through HSPICE simulations for 180 nm CMOS technology parameters. The circuit is used to realize the exclusive OR function, and its accuracy using the realized circuit is discussed.
In the paper “Enhanced Performance in Trajectory Tracking of a Ball and Plate System using Fractional Order Controller,” the trajectory tracking of a ball in a ball and plate system is analyzed using an integer order proportional derivative controller and fractional order proportional derivative controller. The controllers are designed using different optimization algorithms. The paper reports the comparative performance of the controllers for different ball trajectories, and inferences are drawn from the comparisons.
The paper on “Fast Pattern Matching in Compressed Text using Wavelet Tree,” addresses the problem of pattern search in compressed data. An algorithm is given for searching strings in compressed text. Word based tagged code and self-indexed data structures of wavelet tree are used for encoding the text and fast search in the compressed text. The algorithm performance is analyzed through simulations and compared with other methods for huge data sets.
The paper on “Functional Uncertainty Analysis of Phasor Measurement Unit Using Fuzzy Hidden Markov Model,” relates to the measurement of frequency and time-aligned phasors of current and voltage on the electric power grid using phase measurement units (PMU). The functional uncertainty analysis has been done using fuzzy Hidden Markov model with a view to provide the optimal path for hidden failures and to mitigate the propagation of uncertainty within the functional blocks of the PMU.
In the paper on “High Performance CNFET-based Ternary Full Adders,” the design of ternary full adder cells using carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFET) is presented. The circuits are studied in simulation environment for 32 nm CNFET technology for varying parameter values of supply voltage, temperature and operating frequencies. Based on the study, comparisons are made with reported CNFET based ternary full adders and inferences are drawn from the study.
The paper titled “Levenberg-Marquardt-based non-invasive blood glucose measurement system,” presents the work on the development of a non-invasive blood glucose measurement device. The device uses near-infrared LED for emitting light and photodiodes for detection after attenuation. The problem of background noise is addressed. An artificial neural network is used to obtain the blood glucose concentration. The performance has been compared with invasively measured reference concentration levels, and inferences about the efficacy of the device are made.
The next paper “Modified Energy-Efficient Range-Free Localization Using Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks,” gives an algorithm for distributed localization for wireless sensor networks. The algorithm features include energy efficiency and range-free operation, and is based on a modification of the distance vector hop algorithm that uses teaching-learning-based optimization. The reduction of communication between nodes contributes to overall energy efficiency. Simulation studies are given and the location accuracy is compared with other distance vector hop algorithms to draw inferences about the given algorithm.
The next paper “Radiation Characteristics of an Isosceles 45°-45°-90° Triangular Microstrip Antenna,” gives the radiation characteristics of an isosceles triangular microstrip antenna by using an extension of cavity model. The explanation is provided for radiation patterns, input impedance etc. The paper gives theoretical results and their comparison with experimental data to infer about the accuracy of the theoretical analysis. The advantages of a 45°-45°-90° triangular microstrip antenna in terms antenna area, mode suppression ability, dual polarization of all modes and radiation pattern are discussed.
The paper “Solution of Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch by Symbiotic Organism Search Algorithm Incorporating FACTS Devices,” presents a method for solving the optimal reactive power dispatch problem of a power system using the symbiotic organism search algorithm for flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices. The method is studied on a modified IEEE 30 bus test system with two types of FACTS devices placed at strategic locations. The problem aims to reduce the active power loss or total absolute voltage deviation. The efficacy of the method is analyzed and compared with those of other optimization methods.
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Notes on contributors
Shiban K Koul
Shiban K Koul is Dr. R.P.Shenoy Astra Microwave Chair Professor at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. He served as Deputy Director (Strategy and Planning) at IIT Delhi from 2012–2016. Currently, he is the Mentor Deputy Director (Strategy & Planning, International affairs and R&D) at IIT Jammu. He is also the Chairman of Astra Microwave Products Limited, Hyderabad. His research interests include: RF MEMS, High Frequency Wireless Communication, Microwave Engineering, Microwave Passive and Active Circuits, Device modeling, Millimeter wave IC design and Reconfigurable microwave circuits including antennas. Completed 34 major sponsored projects, 52 consultancy projects and 54 Technology Development Projects. Authored 355 Papers, 8 state-of-the art books and 3 book Chapters. He holds 10 patents and 6 copyrights. He is a Fellow of IEEE, INAE, IETE, MANCEF and ISSS. He is the Chief Editor of IETE Journal of Research, Associate Editor of the International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Cambridge University Press. He served as a Distinguished Microwave Lecturer of IEEE MTT-S for the period 2012–2014.
Recipient of numerous awards including IEEE MTT Society Distinguished Educator Award (2014); Teaching Excellence Award (2012) from IIT Delhi; Award for contributions made to the growth of smart material technology (2012) by the ISSS, Bangalore, Vasvik Award (2012) for the contributions made to the area of Information, Communication Technology (ICT) and M N Saha Memorial Award (2013) from IETE.
E-mail: [email protected]