Phase Locked Loop System with SIW-based Bandpass Filter for D-band Microwave Interferometer

Abstract

This paper presents the development and implementation of a low phase-noise stable signal generator for a D-band microwave interferometer application used in the fusion plasma diagnostics. A phase locked loop (PLL) circuit is designed to generate the stable frequencies of 2.3 and 2.333 GHz which is then up-converted to 6.9 GHz and 7 GHz as required by the interferometer system. Programmable synthesizer with temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) is used to develop the PLL. In order to remove the higher order harmonics generated from the system, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based bandpass filter is proposed which offers a low insertion loss with compact size. The proposed bandpass filter is designed and simulated in high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software. The bandpass filter provides pass band for frequencies ranging from 6.8 GHz to 7.2 GHz with an insertion loss of 0.5 dB and a return loss more than 25 dB. ADsim PLL software is used to derive PLL parameters and Altium software is used for the printed circuit board (PCB) design. Measured results are in consensus with the requirement of the interferometer system.

KEYWORDS:

• Phase locked loop (PLL)
• Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)
• Bandpass filter (BPF)
• Microwave interferometer
• Frequency synthesizer
• Phase noise
• Insertion loss

Additional information

Funding

This work is supported by the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, Department of Atomic Energy, India [Research Sanction Number: 39/14/19/2016 BRNS/34172].

Notes on contributors

Alpesh Vala

Alpesh Vala pursuing his PhD degree from Charotar University of Science and Technology. He has completed his MTech in the field of electronics and communication in 2014. From 2014 to 2016 he worked as a project engineer in CHARUSAT Space Research Organization (CSRTC) and from 2016 he is working as an assistant scientist. His area of research includes microwave and millimeter wave components development, opto-electronics system and digital signal processing. He is associated with a number of research projects sponsored by the Board of Research in Nuclear Science, Indian Space Research Organization. He has published more than 20 publications in reputed journals and conference. Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Amit Patel

Amit Patel completed his PhD degree from Charotar University of Science and Technology in 2014. He has more than 11 years of experience in teaching and research. Currently, he is working as an assistant scientist in CHARUSAT Space Research and Technology Center. He is associated with number of research project sponsored board by the Board of Research in Nuclear Science, Indian Space Research Organization. He has published more than 40 publications in reputed journals and conferences. His area of research includes development of microwave and millimeter wave components based on waveguide technology. He has guided 4 PhD students and more than 15 MTech students. Email: [email protected]

Bhargav Patel

Bhargav Patel received his MTech degree from Charotar University of Science and Technology in 2017. He is working as a senior research fellow in CHARUSAT Space Research Organization (CSRTC). His area of research includes microwave engineering and digital signal processing. Email: [email protected]

Abhishek Sinha

Abhishek Sinha received his BTech degree in electronics and telecommunication from Biju Patnaik University of Technology. Currently, he is working as a scientist SD in Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat Gandhinagar, India. He has more than 8 years of research experience. His area of research includes microwave and millimeter wave characterization. He has published more than 15 research papers in reputed journals and conference paper. Email: [email protected]

Umesh Nagora

Umesh Nagora received his MSc degree in Physics from Sardar Patel University in 2008. Currently, he is working as a scientist SD in Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat Gandhinagar, India. He has more than 8 years of research experience. His area of research includes microwave and millimeter wave characterization. He has published more than 15 research papers in reputed journals and conference papers. Email: [email protected]

Surya Pathak

Surya Pathak received his PhD degree in microwave engineering from Banaras Hindu University. Currently, he is working as a scientist SG/ professor at Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat Gandhinagar, India. He has more than 20 years of research experience and currently heading Microwave and ECE group at Institute for Plasma Research. His area of research includes microwave and millimeter wave characterization of materials, metamaterial, Computational electromagnetics. He has published more than 50 research papers in reputed journals and conference papers. Email: [email protected]

Jitendra Chaudhari

Jitendra Chaudahri received his PhD degree in electronics engineering from Charotar University of Science and Technology. He is working as an associate professor in the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering at Charotar University of Science and Technology – Changa. He has authored/co-authored more than 30 research papers in journals and conferences. His area of research includes development of microwave system and image processing. He has guided 6 PhD students and more than 20 MTech students. Email: [email protected]

Hiren Mewada

Hiren Mewada received MTech degree and PhD in Electronics Engineering from Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology in 2007 and 2014, respectively. He is working as an associate professor in the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering at Charotar University of Science and Technology – Changa. He has authored/co-authored 3 book chapters, 18 journal papers and 15 conference papers. Email: [email protected]