Intelligent Fractional-Order-Based Centralized Frequency Controller for Microgrid

Abstract

This research presents a fractional order (FO) controller for frequency control in microgrid. Four intelligent methodologies, namely, Grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), Gravitational search algorithm (GSA), Genetic algorithm (GA), and Particle swarm optimization (PSO), are used for optimization-based tuning of FO controller. The proposed microgrid consists of wind turbine, solar photo voltaic system, aqua electrolyser, flywheel, ultra-capacitor, battery storage system, diesel engine, and fuel cell. GOA is employed to tune the parameters of the controllers. Application of GOA-based two-/multi-stage fractional order PID controller i.e., FOPID-(1 + PI) controller in frequency control for microgrid is a novel work. GOA-optimized FOPID-(1 + PI) controller unveils best results over the conventional PID/FOPID controller in terms of settling time, peak undershoot/overshoot, and performance index. Examination of dynamic responses for abrupt changes in load request divulges the pre-eminence of the proposed controller strategy with others. The robustness study implies that GOA-optimized fractional controller operates superbly and robustly under nonlinearities and perturbation in system parameters. In order to demonstrate the ascendancy of GOA, its results in terms of statistical parameters and performance index are compared with the results of GA, PSO, and GSA.

KEYWORDS:

• Fractional-order PID controller
• Frequency control
• Grasshopper algorithm
• Microgrid
• Renewable energy

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Zaheeruddin

Zaheerudin has been a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India since 2003. He received the BSc engineering degree in electrical and MSc engineering degree in electronics & communication from Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh (UP) in 1982 and 1988, respectively, and a PhD degree in computer science and technology from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi in 2002. Email: [email protected]

Kavita Singh

Kavita Singh received the BTech degree in 2002 and MTech degree in 2006 from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Maharishi Dayanand University, Haryana, India. She is currently working toward the PhD degree from Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Delhi, India. Her current research interests include optimization techniques, controller design and power system dynamics.