A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Injection Pulling in Phase-Locked Optoelectronic Oscillator under Radio Frequency Signal Injection

ABSTRACT

Starting with the single-loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), an analysis of the effects of a radio frequency (RF) injected signal on the phase-locked loop OEO is done. After obtaining the injection locking equation of the oscillator, the generalized locking equation is derived and a time-domain model of a phase-locked loop OEO under RF signal injection is shown. Assuming the OEO is phase-locked to the reference signal and is injection-pulled by an independent RF signal, the behavior of the OEO is discussed. The frequency response of the spurious outputs due to RF injection signal in terms of the injection transfer function discussion is presented. An equivalent dual loop model of phase locked loop OEO under RF signal injection is presented for phase noise analysis. The presented analysis is partially supported by experimental results shown at the end.

KEYWORDS:

• Injection pulling
• Phase-locked loop
• Phase noise
• Optoelectronic oscillator

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Abhijit Banerjee

Abhijit Banerjee is an associate professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Academy of Technology, Adisaptagram, Hooghly, West Bengal. Received BTech and MTech degrees from The Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, Calcutta University. He received the PhD degree from Calcutta University in November, 2014.

Larissa Aguiar Dantas de Britto

Larissa Aguiar Dantas de Britto received the MSc degree in microwaves and optoelectronics in 2013 from the Aeronautical Institute of Technology (ITA). She is currently working toward the PhD degree in the Aeronautical Institute of Technology. Her current research interests include photonic generation of microwave signals, photonics-based microwave measurement, radio-over-fiber systems with applications in satellites and optoelectronic oscillators. Email: [email protected]

Jayjeet Sarkar

Jayjeet Sarkar is an assistant professor, Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Academy of Technology, Adisaptagram, Hooghly, West Bengal, India. Obtained BTech and MTech degrees from The Applied Physics Department, Calcutta University. He has more than nine years of teaching experience. He has seven contributed research papers to international conferences and one international journal. His areas of interest are biomedical engineering, microwave photonics, optical communication and signal processing. Email: [email protected]

Gefeson Mendes Pacheco

Gefeson Mendes Pacheco, after the physics graduation at the Rio de Janeiro State University in 1985 he obtained the MSc in electronics engineering and computer at the Aeronautical Institute of Technology in 1989 and doctoral degree in space science from the National Space Research Institute in 1994. His research interests are in the field of the applied electromagnetism toward microwaves and optoelectronics R&D for antennas, material characterization and advanced instrumentation. He is currently an associate professor at the Microwave and Optoelectronic Department of the Aeronautical Institute of Technology. Email: [email protected]