https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-217X
The current issue of the IETE Journal of Research (Vol 68, No 6, Nov-Dec 2022) contains 61 articles. These articles present ongoing research and developments taking place in the broad areas of Biomedical Engineering, Power Systems, Electromagnetics, Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Microelectronics.
The first paper in the issue, titled “Tumor Segmentation by a Self-Organizing-Map based Active Contour Model (SOMACM) from the Brain MRIs” presents a method for efficiently segmenting brain MRIs to detect tumors. It uses combination of self-organizing map and active contour model for the purpose. The proposed algorithm is compared for segmentation results of different types of tumor images with SOM and ACM independently, Fuzzy-C-Means, Particle Swarm Optimization and Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN) segmentation methods and inferences are drawn about the efficacy of the method.
The next paper, titled “Predicting Diabetes Mellitus Using Modified Support Vector Machine with Cloud Security” presents an algorithm for early prediction of diabetes mellitus with improved accuracy. A modified support vector machine-based pattern recognition method is used for this purpose. The paper presents a method for mining the patient’s disease results in cloud security setup. The paper presents results of performance and comparisons with other existing methods.
The following paper, on “Analysis of the Major Constituents of the Power Supply System Efficiency for Rural Consumers,” presents an analysis approach for power supply system efficiency to reduce operation expenses, that includes power supply reliability, power quality, and the quality of technological connections to power networks. The dependencies of expense constituents on the power supply outage time are brought out in the paper leading to insights for power supply companies and consumers.
In “Design and Analysis of 2.4 GHz Low-Noise, High Gain 0.18 µm CMOS Cascode Low-Noise Amplifier for IRNSS Applications,” authors present a design of a low noise amplifier for the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) receiver for one of the two bands it operates on, viz. the S band. Different cascode topologies are reported along with their performance metrics. An optimized circuit is presented that uses current reuse technique along with common source stage to improve the power gain and to achieve low-noise figure. Simulation studies for 180 nm CMOS technology is presented in the paper.
The next paper on “Modified Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter for Hybrid Renewable Energy Applications” presents design of a multi-level invertor topology for Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources (HRES) and a design of hybrid solar-wind power generation model with 9-level, 13-level and 17-level inverter topologies. The performance of the system topology is analyzed in the paper and compared with other topologies from which inferences are made.
The subsequent paper, on “Improved Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm for Fixed Head Hydrothermal Power System” presents a genetic algorithm for the optimal scheduling of thermal plants in coordination with fixed head hydro units. The convergence time and accuracy of the solution are emphasized for the given algorithm. The algorithm is studied with two test systems and compared with other evolutionary algorithms.
In “An Adaptive Decoupling Control Design for Flotation Column: A Comparative Study Against Model Predictive Control,” the authors are concerned about compensation of disturbances and their control strategy in flotation processes. It presents an adaptive decoupling controller (ADC) that is implemented on a pilot flotation column and its control performance is compared to model predictive controllers and SISO PID controllers. The comparative performance analysis is presented, and inferences are drawn.
The paper, titled “Optimal Probabilistic Scheduling of a Proposed EH Configuration Based on Metaheuristic Automatic Data Clustering” is about optimal scheduling in a multi-carrier energy system Energy Hub (EH) that is a combination of several energy conversion units. An EH structure is presented that addresses the complexity of scheduling due to uncertainties of input variables. The study presents a Metaheuristic Automatic Data Clustering (MADC) scheme to address demand side uncertainty. Detailed simulation study of the EH structure is presented in this paper.
The next paper “Classifier Feature Fusion Using Deep Learning Model for Non-Invasive Detection of Oral Cancer from Hyperspectral Image” presents a digital pre-screening framework using deep learning classifier fusion on hyperspectral thermal images for identifying high potential cancer cases. It uses a Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM) and support vector machine (SVM) classification fusion for learning and classifying the pre- and post-cancerous tissues and normal tissue from the hyperspectral images. The classification performance is compared with conventional classification to draw inference about the efficacy of the proposed framework.
The paper on “Automatic Detection of Malaria Infected Erythrocytes based on the Concavity Point Identification and Pseudo-Valley Based Thresholding” presents a method for the detection of malaria that requires segmentation of the erythrocytes from microscopic blood smears images. The algorithm steps of preprocessing, foreground extraction, clump erythrocyte segmentation and infected erythrocyte detection are discussed in the paper. The accuracy of detection is presented and compared to classical approach.
In “Optimal Sizing, Selection, and Techno-Economic Analysis of Battery Storage for PV/BG-based Hybrid Rural Electrification System,” the authors address issues of micro-grid system viz. to determine a good hybrid configuration system and performance dependence on system sizing, environment stability of hybrid model over various power storage backup methods. A case study for a village use case with different power storage backup systems is presented along with study inferences.
The paper on “Compact Bandstop Microstrip Line Filter Using U-Shaped Slot” presents a bandstop filter, where the resonant element is a slot that is folded and embedded into the microstrip line so that no extra width is required. The size reduction is a feature of the proposed filter that is designed for 2.45 GHz WLAN frequency. The research compares simulation studies to fabricated prototype and analyzes the result.
The following paper on “Design and Optimization of Multiple FACTS Devices for Congestion Mitigation Using Sensitivity Factor with Wind Integrated System” presents a method for load balancing when renewable energy sources are shared with existing power supply system. The optimization method targets flexible alternative current transmission system (FACTS) devices for congestion mitigation by using wind power with existing power generation systems. The design details and comparisons with several FACTS devices are presented for wind-integrated system.
The next paper “Medical Image Registration Based on Renyi’s Quadratic Mutual Information” presents a method for the registration of medical images using Renyi quadratic mutual information as a similarity measure between the floating images and the reference. The performance is compared with Shannon mutual information-based registration and its advantages are discussed.
The paper on “Analysis of Cascaded Buck–Boost Inverter for PMLG-Based Ocean Wave Energy Converter” presents a two-stage methodology to convert variable AC voltage to a constant amplitude AC voltage to make a direct-drive Permanent Magnet Linear Generator (PMLG)-based Ocean Wave Energy Converter (OWEC) that generates variable AC voltage usable directly by a load. The paper presents the design, circuit analysis, working principle and voltage control technique. A lab prototype of PMLG and buck-boost inverter is used to validate the design.
The next paper, titled “Sensitivity of SET Pulse-Width and Propagation to Radiation Track Parameters in CMOS Inverter Chain” discusses the analysis of single event transient (SET) pulses caused by heavy-ion strike on devices used in radiation environment. The paper provides sensitivity analysis of SET pulse in 45 nm bulk and SOI MOSFET to linear energy transfer, heavy-ion track length, angle of strike and other parameters. Inferences are drawn from the analysis regarding attenuation during propagation, pulse width effects etc.
The paper titled “Optimal Modeling and Allocation of Mixed Wind and Solar Generation Systems in Electric Distribution Networks” addresses the problem of optimal integration of renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar for electric distribution networks to reduce power losses. It provides a model for accurately generating the output of these sources for integration purposes. The effectiveness of the model is inferred based on the simulation-based analysis of the model and comparison of the results with those of other techniques.
In the paper on “Realization and Analysis of a Novel Low-Profile Embroidered Textile Antenna for Real-time Pulse Monitoring”, the authors present the design of a four-layered low-profile, textile antenna operating in the Industrial Scientific and Medical band (ISM) for wearable applications. The antenna is made from textile materials with cotton substrate and the conductive portions done by embroidering Zari threads to the substrate. The results of evaluation of the fabricated antenna under bent, crumpled, moisture absorbed, and on-body settings are presented alongside an application case study in order to draw inferences about the design and performance under realistic conditions.
The paper on “A Review on Optimization of Fuzzy Controller Parameters in Robotic Applications” presents a detailed survey of different methods used for the optimization of fuzzy controller parameters for robotic system applications. It also presents inferences such as the need to reduce computational load and convergence time for practical suitability.
The next paper, titled “A New Design Approach of Low-Noise Stable Broadband Microwave Amplifier Using Hybrid Optimization Method” presents a compensated matching method for designing a low-noise broadband microwave amplifier with guaranteed stability. The low-noise stable broadband RF amplifier is designed using a hybrid optimization algorithm based on the combination of the genetic algorithm and conjugate gradients method. The hybrid algorithm for the design is discussed in terms of advantages in noise figure, gain flatness, stability, and loss factor correlated with each reactive element and matching network.
The next paper on “Novel Hysteresis Regulation Strategy for a Two-level Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive to Achieve Nearly Constant Switching Frequency” presents a method for hysteresis current control strategy for a two-level inverter (TLI) to achieve nearly constant switching frequency. It is shown in the paper that this can be achieved by creating a Variable Band (VB), which varies according to the switching frequency average of the pole voltage. The paper analyses data under different performance criteria and draws inferences.
The paper on “Detection of Power Theft in Low Voltage Distribution Systems: A Review from the Indian Perspective” examines the problem of power theft detection and factors that influence power theft and pilferages. The issues in detecting power theft are outlined and the necessity for a low-cost alternative to smart energy meters.
The paper, titled “Side Lobe Suppression of Concentric Circular Antenna Array Using Social Spider Algorithm” addresses the requirement of low side lobe level (SLL) for reducing interference between frequency components in far-field radiation pattern. The paper presents a method to improve the far-field radiation pattern of concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) design using two stochastic optimization algorithms viz. the social spider algorithm (SSA) and a modified social spider algorithm (MSSA). Results are presented to bring forth the efficacy in reducing side lobes compared to other array geometries.
The following paper, titled “An Optimal Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller for Maximum Power Capture of Point Absorbers” presents an optimal interval Type-2 Fuzzy logic controller for maximum power capture from point absorbers for energy sourcing. It presents the design of a model-based feedback simplifier for point absorbers, introduces a state space of the closed-loop system, gives the design of an interval Type-2 Fuzzy controller for the final system, and method for training the Fuzzy controller parameters using a black hole optimization algorithm.
In “EANFIS-based Maximum Power Point Tracking for Standalone PV System” the authors address the problem of integrating eco-friendly renewable energy sources in power generation systems. The paper is about the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method based on Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System (EANFIS) in standalone operation. It gives the design of inverter, motor selection, and maximum power point tracking for maximizing power delivery to current motor. Simulation studies are presented to explain the efficacy of the proposed method and design.
The next paper titled “Error-Based Wind Power Prediction Technique Based on Generalized Factors Analysis with Improved Power System Reliability” presents a technique for environment friendly wind power prediction of a variable-speed wind power system. The technique is authenticated on the basis of producer power curve of the variable-speed wind system. Also, it is used to predict the average monthly wind power, and the outcomes in terms of prediction accuracy are used to make inferences about the technique. In addition, the performance is compared to other wind power prediction models.
In the paper on “A Fault Detection Technique During Power Swing in a TCSC-Compensated Line Using Teager Kaiser Energy Operator,” the authors present a fault detection technique during power swings in thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) based transmission lines to address challenges introduced due to voltage and current inversion, nonlinear behavior of MOV and sub-synchronous oscillations. It is based on the multiplication of Teager Kaiser Energy Operator of Negative sequence current and voltage phasors. Using simulations the performance of the detection technique is tested and inferences are drawn.
The following paper on “An Application of Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis for Reliability Evaluation of Wind Energy System” presents an analysis technique using fuzzy fault tree for evaluating the reliability of a wind energy system. The technique is based on combining the operational failure effects and the errors in the fuzzy environment for the given wind energy system configuration. The paper uses risk analysis method based on the fuzzy risk index (FRI) to know the impact of basic events on the top-level event. From the analyses and discussions, inferences are derived on the precision and engineering accuracy of the proposed technique.
The paper on “Relative Study on MM-Wave Performance of Group IV-IV and Group III-V Materials Based IMPATT Sources” presents a comparative study of Si, 4H-SiC, Wz-GaN and InP based impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) diodes for 94 GHz operation. The paper offers a simulation procedure for the investigating the DC and small-signal properties of diodes in order to infer avalanche response times and transit times. Comparisons are made regarding the power output of SiC IMPATT source sales and other properties.
In “Adaptive Neural Network Conformable Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control for a Class of Second-Order Nonlinear Systems,” authors present the architecture of an adaptive neural network fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller using conformable fractional-order (CFO) derivative for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. It presents a control law using Lyapunov stability theorem that satisfies the sliding condition in finite time. The paper presents the advantages of the proposed controller through numerical simulation studies.
The next paper on “Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna on Periodic and Non-Periodic Photonic Band Gap Substrate” presents the design of a microstrip patch antenna for 5.9 GHz operation with periodic and non-periodic Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structure as substrate. An analysis of antenna performance parameters such as gain, directivity, and the S parameters, as well as a comparison with conventional patch antenna are provided to highlight the advantages of the proposed design.
The following paper, titled “Spectral Efficient Precoding Design for Multi-cell Large MU-MIMO System” presents a precoding scheme based on multi-cell block diagonalization-QR-minimum mean square error to reduce the effects of pilot contamination in a multi-cell MIMO system. The purpose of reducing effects of pilot contamination is to enhance spectral efficiency for the multi-cell MU-MIMO system. The paper presents the gain spectral efficiency through non-universal pilot reuse compared to single-cell MMSE, regularized zero-forcing (R-ZF), ZF, Maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and multi-cell MMSE (M-MMSE) schemes.
The paper on “Symmetrical DC-Link Capacitor Voltage for Multi Solar PV Array Fed CHBMLI in Standalone Application” presents an algorithm to balance the DC-link voltage across power cells of cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. It uses dc-dc converter, fed from multi solar photovoltaic array for standalone application under varying environmental conditions. Several practical aspects are considered for the algorithm. The paper presents the experimental results using simulation studies.
The following paper on “Design and Analysis of a New Wide-Band Epsilon Negative Metamaterial for X-Band Applications” presents the design of a meta-material unit cell with a negative permittivity in the X band. The simulation study of a unit cell structure is presented to extract scattering parameters, permittivity, and permeability. The analysis of mutual coupling in array construction from unit cells is provided and addressed.
The next paper titled “Multidomain Feature Level Fusion for Classification of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Using Spine MR Images” presents a semi-automatic feature level fusion approach for the classification of intervertebral discs. The grading of discs typically into 5 categories based on Pfirrmann’s criteria is useful to assess its degeneration progression and subsequently in deciding on the removal of a disc. The paper presents the classification approach and its effectiveness in terms of classifier parameters.
The paper on “Asymmetrically Switched CHB Multilevel Inverters with Harmonic Mitigation Techniques Applied to Photovoltaic Power Generation” presents the design of asymmetrically switched Cascaded H Bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters with fundamental frequency switching for photovoltaic (PV) applications. It presents different types of harmonic mitigation techniques, where the best switching angle optimizations generate different levels. The performance analysis of the topologies through minimization of total harmonic distortion is given. The paper gives the performance of the inverters in simulations and is presented with hardware in loop implementation and the findings are reviewed.
In “Classification of SGS-SRAD Denoised MRI Using GWO Optimized SVM” authors present a method for detection of abnormality in brain MRI using scale invariant feature transform, principal component analysis and support vector machine-based classification. Other processing techniques are incorporated to address practical constraints such as patient movement and noise. The results of the simulation study are presented and assessed.
The next paper on “A New Carrier-Based Pulse Width Modulation Scheme with Reduced Output Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion for Multi-Level Inverters” presents a pulse width modulation switching technique to control both single phase and three-phase multilevel inverters. The design minimizes the output voltage total harmonic distortion, switching frequency, and switching losses. The performance is compared with other PWM switching methods for single-phase inverters and its reliability is tested with a prototype development.
The paper titled “Quadrotor UAV Position and Altitude Tracking Using an Optimized Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Control” presents a method that uses sliding mode controller (SMC) and fuzzy intelligent controller for control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle. It synthesizes genetic algorithm with fuzzy-SMC as the final solution. The main aim of the paper is to overcome the limitations of a SMC viz. chattering phenomenon and performance in noise. The performance of the controller is examined through simulation and conclusions are drawn from the results.
The following paper, titled “Glaucoma Detection Using Image Channels and Discrete Wavelet Transform” presents a method for glaucoma detection using image channels (ICs) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) from fundus images. The algorithm steps comprising of image resizing, enhancement, sub band image decomposition using DWT, feature extraction and support vector machine-based classification are discussed. The performance of the method is presented and compared with other methods from literature.
The paper on “Design and Analysis of Hysteresis Feedback Controlled dc Power Supply for Solid State Power Amplifier” presents the design of hysteresis feedback controlled synchronous buck converter-based power supply for biasing transistors in solid state RF power amplifier. The paper gives the design details and analysis of performance. It compares fixed frequency pulse width modulated power converters and variable frequency hysteresis control power converters. The advantages and challenges of hysteresis control are discussed. Comparisons between simulation study outcomes and experimental observations are provided.
The next paper, titled “A Fuzzy-Controlled Differential Evolution Integrated Static Synchronous Series Compensator to Enhance Power System Stability” presents the design of an optimized Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) integrated with a fuzzy controlled differential evolution method for improving power system stability. The paper analyses the performance for a three-phase fault and unequal load conditions for single and multiple machines. Inferences about fluctuation and stability performance are made and comparison is given with other optimization methods.
In the paper “Optimized Analysis of Sensitivity and Non-Linearity for PDMS–Graphene MEMS Force Sensor,” the authors present the analysis and evaluation of the sensitivity and non-linearity of graphene piezoresistive MEMS force sensor. Factors affecting sensitivity and non-linearity such as geometrical dimensions of microcantilever, modulus of elasticity of material, shape, placement, doping concentration are used and a method to find the optimal combination of microcantilever and piezo resistor dimensions is given. The design and simulation work are reported in the paper.
The next paper on “Threshold-Based New Segmentation Model to Separate the Liver from CT Scan Images” considers the problem of liver image segmentation that has associated complexity of other organs in the vicinity. The paper presents a multi-threshold liver segmentation model based on slope difference distribution of the image histogram. The steps for processing are presented. The results of performance of the algorithm on CT scan images are presented and discussed.
The following paper titled “A Multiple-node Hormone Regulation of Neuroendocrine-PID (MnHR-NEPID) Control for Nonlinear MIMO Systems” presents a controller based on adaptive safe experimentation dynamics for nonlinear multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems. The method is discussed together with its extension from a method of a system with a single-input and output. Other controllers’ performance is compared with the proposed controller to draw inferences to deduce its efficacy.
The following paper, titled “Integration and Control of Renewable Energy-Based Rural Microgrids”, presents a model for renewable-energy based rural microgrids consisting of wind, solar, and biogas that are interconnected through low voltage DC line. A control approach has been presented so that a disturbance in the system caused by a change in load or input to the renewable energy sources modifies the power generation of biogas-based systems of individual microgrids to support the system requirement while ensuring that no extra power is drawn from the interconnecting network. In the work the modeling of the system and an analysis of its dynamic performance are described.
The next paper on “Minimal Realized Power Systems for Load Frequency Control Using Optimal Theory Based PID Controller” is related to observability condition requirement, that is sometimes not achieved in multi-source power systems, for implementation of a linear quadratic regulator for feedback stabilization for controlling a system in response to disturbances. The paper presents a balanced reduction technique to obtain a minimal realization of the unobservable system, which makes the optimal control design possible for the control of change in frequency. The paper presents design aspects in the frequency stabilization with respect to specific cases.
The paper, titled “Symmetrical Fault Detection During Power Swing Using Mean Value of Sampled Data from the Current Signal” addresses the problem of power swing in distance relays. It presents a method based on using the mean value of sampled data from the current signal to recognize power swing from simultaneous faults. The method is studied for a two-bus network with parallel lines, and it is demonstrated that it can detect several types of power swings including simultaneous symmetric faults.
The paper on “Design and Experimental Analysis of Miniaturized Octa-Port UWB/SWB-MIMO Antenna with Triple-Band Rejection Characteristics” presents the design and experimental analysis of an eight-port Ultra-Wide Band (UWB)/Super Wide Band MIMO antenna with triple-band rejection characteristics. The characteristics of the fabricated antenna are shown and examined in relation to the design.
In “A Robust Adaptive Nonlinear Control Design via Geometric Approach for a Quadrotor” the authors present the design of an adaptive sliding mode controller via geometric approach for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), with inertial parameter uncertainty and disturbances. The different subsystem designs are discussed and the overall performance through simulation studies is offered.
The following paper on “Anti-proliferative Efficiency of Pulsed Electric Field Treated Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Extracts on Breast Cancer Cell Lines” presents a study of synergistic efficiency of turmeric crude extracts and electrical pulses on breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. The experimental study of the extracts is concerned of its efficacy in treatment of breast cancer. The paper analyses the results and makes inferences.
The paper titled “Multi-Robot Trajectory Tracking and Rendezvous Algorithm” presents the design of a trajectory tracking algorithm for multiple mobile robots using the leader-follower approach. It presents the rendezvous algorithm and condition for achieving the rendezvous point. The algorithm is studied using simulations to infer about the efficacy in achieving the objectives.
The paper on “Design of Fast Variable Structure Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear State-Delay Systems with Uncertainty” presents a fast variable structure adaptive fuzzy controller for nonlinear state delay systems which are subject to external disturbances and uncertainties. It addresses the issue of undesirable chattering and singularity of the variable structure scheme to improve the finite-time convergence in reaching and sliding phases of motion. The proposed fuzzy neural network is analyzed, and examples are used in simulation studies to evaluate the efficacy of the control technique.
The next paper titled “Multi-Objective Antlion Algorithm for Short-Term Hydro-thermal Self-scheduling with Uncertainties” presents a stochastic multi-objective criterion in joint energy and reserve market for energy generation companies to participate in short-term hydro-thermal self-scheduling with uncertainties with the overall purpose to maximize profit and minimize emissions. This is done using an antlion optimization (ALO) algorithm. The paper presents the study of two methods used to generate stochastic multi-objective scenarios. Results of tests carried out on an IEEE 118-bus test system are presented and discussed.
In the paper titled “Fault Ride-Through Capability with Mutual Inductance in Low-Voltage Single-Phase Micro-grid,” authors address the problem of improving a microgrid fault ride-through capability to enhance the transient performance of microgrid operation due to voltage sags. It investigates the ride-through capability and feasibility of integrating a mutual inductance between the main grid and the microgrid under short circuit condition. The effectiveness is studied in simulation environment.
The following paper on “Angular Displacement Sensor Based on Corrugated Substrate Integrated Waveguide (CSIW)” presents the design of an angular displacement sensor using corrugated substrate integrated waveguide cavity resonator. The results of analytical model are compared with measurements in terms of angular range and sensitivity and inferences are drawn.
The next paper on “Minimal Realization of Fractional-Order Inverse Filters” presents a voltage mode multifunctional structure of fractional-order inverse filter using a single operational amplifier and passive components. The circuit simulation studies, and experimental analyses results are presented in the paper to draw conclusions regarding stability and sensitivity of the filters.
In “A Survey on Osteoporosis Detection Methods with a Focus on X-ray and DEXA Images” presents a survey focusing on the measurement of bone mineral density using various benchmark image processing algorithms such as image enhancement, segmentation, and texture analysis on X-ray and DEXA images for osteoporosis detection. The benchmark Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) method is discussed along with early methods of measurements.
The following paper on “Design of Compact UWB Filter Using Parallel-coupled Line and Circular Open-circuited Stubs” presents the design of a compact ultra-wideband bandpass filter with multiple resonant frequencies having low insertion loss and high selectivity using circular open-circuited stubs. The utility of the filter is in low power handling single-layered PCBs, unlicensed short and medium distance communications. The performance in simulation is compared with measured performance to draw inferences.
The next paper on “Measurement of Sucrose Concentration Using Optical Metamaterial Structure Via FDTD Technique” presents an investigation of sucrose concentration in aqueous solution using copper-based metamaterial structure at 1550 nm. Various loss measurements such as absorption loss, dispersion loss, propagation loss, and polarization loss are reported. The paper discusses benefits of the method of computation using finite difference time domain (FDTD) and the output with the concentration. The method of measurement is discussed in detail to bring out the accuracy of the technique used.
In the concluding article, titled “Anomaly Detection in Machinery and Smart Autonomous Maintenance in Industry 4.0 during Covid-19,” the issue of inadequate machinery performance due to lower manpower presence during Covid 19 pandemic is addressed. The implementation of data-centric autonomous maintenance and other aspects to reduce mean time to rectify and increase productivity are discussed in the paper.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Shiban K Koul
Shiban K Koul is currently an emeritus professor at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. He served as deputy director (Strategy and Planning) at IIT Delhi from 2012-2016 and mentor deputy director (Strategy & Planning, International Affairs) at IIT Jammu from 2018-2021. He also served as the chairman of Astra Microwave Products Limited, Hyderabad from 2009-2019 and Dr R P Shenoy Astra Microwave chair professor at IIT Delhi from 2014-2019. His research interests include RF MEMS, high frequency wireless communication, microwave engineering, microwave passive and active circuits, device modelling, millimetre and sub-millimetre wave IC design, body area networks, flexible and wearable electronics, medical applications of sub-terahertz waves and reconfigurable microwave circuits including miniaturized antennas. Successfully completed 38 major sponsored projects, 52 consultancy projects and 61 technology development projects. He has authored/co-authored 601 research papers, 22 state-of-the art books, 4 book chapters and 2 E-books. He holds 26 patents, 6 copyrights and one Trademark. He has guided 30 PhD thesis and more than 100 master’s theses. He is a Life Fellow of IEEE and Fellow of INAE and IETE. He is the Chief Editor of IETE Journal of Research, Associate Editor of the International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Cambridge University Press. He served as a Distinguished Microwave Lecturer of IEEE MTT-S for the period 2012–2014.
Recipient of numerous awards including IEEE MTT Society Distinguished Educator Award (2014); Teaching Excellence Award (2012) from IIT Delhi; Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Young Scientist Award (1986); Top Invention Award (1991) of the National Research Development Council for his contributions to the indigenous development of ferrite phase shifter technology; VASVIK Award (1994) for the development of Ka-band components and phase shifters; Ram Lal Wadhwa Gold Medal (1995) from the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE); Academic Excellence Award (1998) from Indian Government for his pioneering contributions to phase control modules for Rajendra Radar, Shri Om Prakash Bhasin Award (2009) in the field of Electronics and Information Technology, VASVIK Award (2012) for the contributions made to the area of Information, Communication Technology (ICT) and MN Saha Memorial Award (2013) from IETE. Email: [email protected]