Frequency Control of Electric Vehicles Integrated Isolated Renewable Microgrid Using a Magnetotactic Bacteria Optimized Cascade Controller

Abstract

Cascade controllers improve the frequency profiles of the microgrids during power fluctuations. In this paper, a proportional–integral-proportional-derivative (PI-PD) cascade controller is applied to minimize the frequency disturbances of a fully renewable microgrid with electric vehicles. The superiorities of the PI-PD controller are tested at different operating conditions of generation, demand, and comparisons are made with a classical controller. The test system is completely incorporated with biodiesel, biogas, and solar renewable units. In such a completely renewable environment, power balancing is a difficult task. Therefore, the effect of storage units and electric vehicles is also investigated to mitigate active power imbalances. Furthermore, the optimal power generation concept is incorporated with variable participation factors of biodiesel and biogas plants which improves the load frequency control objectives of the isolated microgrid. For all the simulation case studies, the controller’s gains are identified by using a magnetotactic bacteria optimizer using the MATLAB-SIMULINK platform.

KEYWORDS:

• Biogas
• Frequency control
• Magnetotactic bacteria optimizer
• Renewable microgrid

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sudha Rani Bhupathiraju

Bhupathiraju Sudharani received MTech degree in electrical engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, AP., India in the year 2016. She is currently pursuing PhD in the Department of Electrical Engineering, at Annamalai University, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu. Her areas of interest are power electronics and electric vehicles.

M. Sundararajan

M Sundararajan received PhD degree from Annamalai University in the year 2017. He is working as an associate professor at Annamalai University (on deputation). His research area includes multimedia watermarking, image processing, and watermarking.Email: [email protected]

Kanta Rao Pedakota

P Kanta Rao received the MTech degree from SV University and PhD from Andhra University in the years 1994 and 2011, respectively. Currently, he is working as a professor at SRKR Engineering College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. His area of research includes reactive power dispatch and power system operation.Email: [email protected]

Durga Prasad Chinta

Durga Prasad Chinta received the MTech degree in electrical engineering from Andhra University in the year 2015. He is pursuing PhD in the Department of Electrical Engineering, the National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India. At present, he is working as an assistant professor in the Department of EEE, SRKR Engineering College, Andhra Pradesh. He received the “POSOCO” power system award in the year 2016 for his Master's thesis and the Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS)-Delhi Chapter Young Geotechnical Engineer (YGE) best paper award in the year 2020. His areas of interest include the application of swarm intelligence in power system protection, control, and optimization.Email: [email protected]