A Christmas Tree-Shaped Quadband Compact Antenna with Triple Slots for Various Wireless Technologies

Abstract

A compact, coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed multiband antenna is developed and analyzed in this paper for quad-band applications. Christmas tree-like monopole antennae with three symmetric slots are designed on a low-cost FR4 epoxy substrate with the overall dimensions of 0.312λ₁× 0.364λ₁× 0.0083λ₁ where λ₁ is the wavelength corresponding to the lower cut-off frequency. Three rectangular-shaped slots of different dimensions are etched on the three triangular-shaped stacked patches to enhance the current carrying path due to which the proposed antenna resonates at the required frequency bands. Different antenna parameters such as reflection coefficient (S₁₁), gain, radiation efficiency, surface current, radiation pattern, group delay and magnitude response of transfer function (S₂₁) are analyzed for inspecting the antenna performance. The quad-band antenna offers measured bandwidths of 3.1–3.9 GHz (22.86%), 5.46–5.98 GHz (9.1%) 9.76–11.74 GHz (18.42%) and 17.55–19.25 GHz (9.24%). The antenna shows nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns in all resonating bands with the highest gain of 4.5 dBi and measured radiation efficiency greater than 70% in all the bands. The antenna also offers stable group delay response and linear S₂₁ response in its operational spectrums. All these characteristics ensure the antenna’s applicability in IEEE 802.16 WiMAX band, 5.5 GHz Wi-Fi band, 5.8 GHz ISM band, terrestrial broadband, radiolocation and earth explorer satellite applications.

KEYWORDS:

• CPW-fed antenna
• ISM
• Multiband antenna
• Rectangular slots
• WiMAX

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Dheeraj Pandey

Dheeraj Pandey received the BTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from DBIT, Dehradun in 2014, the MTech degree from GBPUA&T Pantnagar in 2016. He is currently pursuing the PhD from the National Institute of Technology Sikkim, India. His areas of interest are multifunctional antenna, MIMO and UWB communication. E-mail: [email protected]

Surajit Kundu

Surajit Kundu received the BTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Academy of Technology in 2009, MTech degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur in 2012 and the PhD degree from the National Institute of Technology Sikkim, India in 2018. He served the Supreme Knowledge Foundation Group of Institutions as an assistant professor in 2012 and thereafter worked in the Department of ECE, UIT, The University of Burdwan in 2013 as an assistant professor. He served the Department of ECE, NIT Sikkim as assistant professor from 2014 to 2022. Presently, he is working in the Dept of ECE, NIT Jamshedpur as an assistant professor. He is a senior Member of IEEE and URSI. He has published 48 research papers in SCI journals and conference proceedings. His research interest includes antenna design, UWB communication, frequency selective surfaces, satellite communication & navigation and ground penetrating radar. He received the “Young Indian Radio Scientist” award from URSI-InRaSS in AP-RASC 2019.