Novel Biometric Approach Based on Diaphragmatic Respiratory Movements Using Single-Lead EMG Signals

Abstract

This study aims to develop a respiratory-based biometric approach that predict the identities of individuals using electromyography (EMG) signals generated from diaphragm movements. Therefore, the examination of these signals is effective and offer a development of biometric systems. Researchers use bioelectric signals for biometric authentication. Electromyography (EMG), one of these signals, is a muscle-based signal used in many areas. This signal provides biometrics such as taking precautions against forgery and meeting security requirements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate a respiratory-based biometric approach using EMG signals from a single-lead generated by diaphragm movements. Statistical feature extraction techniques, including RMS, STD, MAV, and VAR, were performed usingshallow classifiers. Moreover, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)-based deep learning models were also implemented after the time-series data augmentation process against the overfitting problem and multi-session issues of data recording. As known, deep learning models need high-size data to obtain better performances in pattern recognition. As far as we know, this study is the first attempt to investigate data augmentation with RNN-based deep models for the diaphragmatic respiratory movement-based biometric system performance. In this study, the highest accuracy of 90.9% was obtained for training models using the EMG data of seven people in statistical feature-trained shallow models. Furthermore, RNN-based deep models have reached up to >96% accuracy in the testing phase. The framework of a Probabilistic Neural Network with a 2D-reshaped pattern has the greatest correct recognition rate over >99 accuracies among seven people in a diverse cross-validation strategy.

KEYWORDS:

• Biometric identification
• Data augmentation
• Diaphragmatic respiration
• EMG
• Shallow and Deep Models
• Single-lead

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

CRediT authorship contribution statement

1. B. Eraslan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Writing – original draft.

2. K. Gorur: Writing – review & editing.

3. F. Temurtas: Writing – review & editing.

Data availability statement

The materials used in this research as high-quality EMG files of volunteers are available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340919305712.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Beyza Eraslan

Beyza Eraslan received a BS degree from Ondokuz Mayıs University, and she is majoring in biomedical signal processing, especially on biometric verification over biosignals using machine learning algorithms.

Kutlucan Gorur

Kutlucan Gorur received BS and PhD degrees from Cukurova University and Sakarya University, respectively. His bachelor's degree is in electrical and electronics engineering. Moreover, Dr Gorur is studying biomedical signal processing and applications. E-mail: [email protected]

Feyzullah Temurtas

Feyzullah Temurtas’s bachelor's degree is in electrical and electronics engineering from Middle East Technical University, Turkey. He received his doctorate degree from Sakarya University. He was appointed as professor from Bozok University, Turkey. He is currently a professor at Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University. Also, Prof Temurtas works on signal processing and applications. E-mail: [email protected]