Pre-Processing Based ECG Signal Analysis Using Emerging Tools

Abstract

The objective of the paper is to count the clear beats (R-peaks or QRS complexes) in the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal after pre-processing step. Among the three selected techniques, Independent Principal Component Analysis (IPCA), Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) and Fractional Wavelet Transform (FrWT) have Sensitivity (Se) of 99.92%, 99.95% and 99.98%, Accuracy (Acc) of 99.88%, 99.93% and 99.96%, Detection Error Rate (DER) of 0.110%, 0.066% and 0.036% along with the disturbance of 2.3%, 2% and 1.7% respectively. The lowest DER in FrWT indicates that it outperforms the IPCA and FrFT. The False Negative plus False Positive (FN + FP) by using the three techniques was 32, 25 and 13 while the output Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) was found to be 24.42, 26.19 and 34.37 dB respectively. These results were figured out on Real Time Database (RT DB). The values of output SNR, Se and Acc were recorded to be 34.37 dB, 99.98% and 99.96% while using FrWT based pre-processing on the data from RT DB. The same technique when used on the data from MIT-BIH arrhythmia Database (MB DB) gave the values of 24.81 dB, 99.96% and 99.93% respectively. It has been observed that all the attributes of the components of ECG signals were preserved when filtered with FrFT. On the other hand, the FrWT segregates the motion artefacts and ECG signal in a better way than FrFT. This is due to the fact that in FrWT decomposition takes place on the signal rotated at a selected angle resulting in less computationally complex decompositions at various levels. It reveals that FrWT retains important biology-related information as the originally recorded ECG signal has.

KEYWORDS:

• Independent Principal Component Analysis (IPCA)
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT)
• Fractional Wavelet Transform (FrWT)
• Pre-processing
• Motion artefacts

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Additional information

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Notes on contributors

Varun Gupta

Varun Gupta completed his B Tech in electronics and communication engineering from BIT, Meerut in 2007, M Tech from Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar in 2011 and PhD from National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra in 2020. He is serving as an associate professor in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, India. His research includes biomedical signal processing, control system, pattern recognition techniques, soft computing and image processing. He has got best reviewer awards by Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (JEET) in 2022. He has qualified GATE exam several times (2018, 2013–14, 2023–24). He has 1000+ Google citations, author of 100+research papers and reviewer of 500+research papers. Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Arvind Kumar Sharma

Arvind Kumar Sharma received his PhD in electrical engineering from FET, Jamia Millia Iislamia, New Delhi. His research work is mainly focused in the area of biomedical science, e-Mobility and renewable energy. He is presently working as Adviser to CoE for e-Mobility, KIET group of Institutions, Ghaziabad. He has a vast working experience of 37 years. This includes working for 20 years in Indian Air Force and 17 years in the institutes of higher education under AKTU, Lucknow. Email: [email protected]

Pawan Kumar Pandey

Pawan Kumar Pandey completed his B Tech in electrical engineering from VCE, Bijnore in 2007, M Tech from Dr. B.R. AmbedkarNational Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar in 2009, and PhD from National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra in 2022. He is serving as an associate professor in Electrical Engineering Department, GGITS, Jabalpur, India. He has ten years teaching experience. His research includes Renewable energy, power quantity, control system. Email: [email protected]

Ritesh Kumar Jaiswal

Ritesh Kumar Jaiswal did his B Tech (E&TC) from UPTU Lucknow in 2007, M Tech (DS) from MMMEC Gorakhpur in 2010, and PhD (VLSI) from MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj in 2019. He served as an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, HMR Institute of Technology and Management, Delhi in 2011. After their PhD he served GHRCE Nagpur and MITS Madanapalle (Andhra Pradesh) as an assistant professor. Currently, he is working as an assistant professor in the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at JSS Academy of Technical Education Noida. His research interest is in the field of Residue Number System based computational circuits and VLSI design. Email: [email protected]

Anshu Gupta

Anshu Gupta pursued M ED, MA (Home Science), MA (English) from CCS University, Meerut UP. She is serving as an assistant professor in KLPGMeerut, U.P for last seven years. Her research includes life science, Indian traditional languages and biomedical science. She has qualified CTET & UPTET. Email: [email protected]