Mitigation of AGC Problem of the RES Integrated Hydro-Thermal System Using FACTS and INEC Based AHVDC with ESS Considering the 3DOF-TIDN Controller

Abstract

This article highlights the mitigation of automatic generation control (AGC) problem considering various FACTS devices and inertia emulation control (INEC) strategies based accurate model of HVDC links using various energy storage systems (ESS). The proposed system comprises a three-area hydro-thermal system integrated with renewable energy sources (RES) such as a realistic dish-Stirling solar thermal system (RDSTS) and a precise wind turbine system (PWTS). A maiden effort has been made to design a novel secondary controller called three degrees of freedom tilt-integral-derivative with filter coefficient (3DOF-TIDN) for the proposed system, and their parameters are successfully optimized by the bird swarm algorithm (BSA). The comparative analysis of system dynamics corresponding to the proposed 3DOF-TIDN controller exhibits betters dynamics over 3DOF-PID and 2DOF-PID controllers. The system dynamic performances are also evaluated considering RDSTS and PWTS in all the areas, and it has been evident that the incorporation of RDSTS and PWTS improves system dynamics. The system with AHVDC link shows quickly damped out the system oscillation. Moreover, the study on inertia emulation using various ESS such as redox flow battery (RFB), ultra-capacitor (UC) and battery energy storage (BES) systems inferred that the system’s initial response with RFB is better than others. Furthermore, the integration of various FACTS devices such as thyristor control phase shifter (TCPS), static synchronous series capacitor (SSSC) and Gate-Controlled Series Capacitor (GCSC) revealed that the system dynamics marginally enhanced with GCSC than TCPS and SSSC.

KEYWORDS:

• Automatic generation control
• energy storage systems
• FACTS devices
• inertia emulation control
• renewable energy sources

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sanjeev Kumar Bhagat

Sanjeev Kumar Bhagat received a BTech degree in electrical engineering in 2015 from BPUT Rourkela and an MTech degree in power and energy system engineering in 2018 from NIT Silchar, INDIA. He is currently pursuing PhD in power system engineering from NIT Silchar, Assam. His research interests include power system control, the application of soft computing in engineering and automatic generation control. Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Lalit Chandra Saikia

Lalit Chandra Saikia received a BE degree in electrical engineering from Dibrugarh University, Assam, in 1993 and an MTech degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi in 2007. He received his PhD degree in electrical engineering in 2012 from the National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam. His research interests include power system control, application of soft computing in engineering, power system under deregulated automatic generation control, power quality, distribution generation, smart grid and demand side management. E-mail: [email protected]

Naladi Ram Babu

Naladi Ram Babu received a B. Tech degree in electrical engineering in 2013 from Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh and an M. Tech degree in power and energy system engineering in 2017 from NIT Silchar. He received his PhD degree in electrical engineering in 2022 from the National Institute of Technology Silchar. His research interests include power system control, deregulated automatic generation control, power quality and distribution generation. E-mail: [email protected]