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Abstract
Scientists mostly follow a trial-and-error approach using simulators for designing implantable antennas which may increase time complexity and memory usage. In this article, the Transmission Line Model (TLM) is utilized to design a miniaturized meander-line implantable antenna at 2.45 GHz for reducing time and memory requirements. The meander-line antenna is first decomposed into different segments – x-directed, y-directed, and bends. Each segment is considered a transmission line and each line is replaced by its equivalent lumped LC network. The lumped parameters are calculated using the dimensions of the segment and guided wavelength inside the body. Here, a three-layered body model is represented by a T-type resistor, inductor and capacitor (RLC) network. The antenna within the human body is then simulated using Finite Element Method (FEM)-based CST Microwave Studio software. FEM technique is taking 4.94-MB memory space and 13-minutes time to analyze this implanted system whereas TLM is analyzing the same system by considering 726-KB memory within 52 s. TLM is predicting implanted antenna performance considering ∼0.8% error concerning simulated response. The designed antenna is fabricated and measured within a homogeneous body phantom and minced pork to verify the simulated response. The effect of chamfering of the corners of the meander-line antenna is also analyzed here. From this study, it is observed that TLM can predict implantable antenna response efficiently with low memory and less time requirement with respect to FEM which is helpful for antenna engineers. Analysis of implantable antenna with low memory and time requirements using TLM is a novel approach to this work.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Kaushik Patra and Dr. Ardhendu Kundu for their support and suggestions throughout this work.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Soham Ghosh
Soham Ghosh is a PhD student of electronics and telecommunication engineering at Jadavpur University, India. He holds a master of engineering (ME) degree in electronics and telecommunication engineering from Jadavpur University with a University Gold Medal in 2022. He received Btech in electronics and communication engineering from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, India in 2019. He is the present treasurer of the IEEE microwave theory and techniques society (MTT-S) Student Branch Chapter, Jadavpur University, India.
Sanjana Chatterjee
Sanjana Chatterjee is a ME student of biomedical engineering at Jadavpur University, India. She is currently pursuing a master of engineering (ME) degree in biomedical engineering at Jadavpur University, India from 2023. She received an MSc in life science from Central University of Jharkhand, India, in 2022 and a BSc in biology from the University of Calcutta, India, in 2019. Email: [email protected]
Bhaskar Gupta
Bhaskar Gupta is a professor of ETCE and vice chancellor, at Jadavpur University, India. He has published numerous research articles in refereed journals and conferences and co-authored three books on advanced research topics. He is a senior member of IEEE, a fellow of IETE, a fellow of Institution of Engineers (India), and a life member of SEMCE (I). He was chairman of WB Centre, ET division of IE(I) and chair elect, IEEE Kolkata Section. He served as a referee, associate editor and guest editor in different internationally acclaimed journals. His present area of interest is planar antennas, implantable and wearable antennas, etc., in microwave engineering and antennas. Email: [email protected]