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Notes
1. See also Caforio Citation1996 and Citation2001a, Chomsky Citation1999, ERGOMAS Citation1996, Sarkesian and Connor Citation1999, Soeters Citation1997.
2. The reader is referred to the exhaustive paper by Yuko Kurashina and David R. Segal in this issue, as well as to the literature cited in note 3 below. As far as more general changes are concerned, the reader can refer to what Matthew Morgan (Morgan Citation2003) writes, i.e.: Five major changes characterize the postmodern military: structural and cultural overlap of civilian and military spheres; a decreasing sense of difference within the military based on branch, rank, or role; moving to war fighting to non-traditional missions; more internationally authorized missions; and the internationalization of military forces. (p. 373)
3. On the changed framework see Battistelli Citation1997, Boëne and others Citation2000, Burk Citation1998, Dandeker Citation1999, Efros and Fouilleul Citation1999, Haltiner Citation1998, Moskos and others Citation2000, Matthews and Treddenick Citation2001.
4. See, for detailed data on this subject, the web site ‘http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/timeline’.
5. Area of developed countries.
6. And here I can refer to the list made, without any claim to exhaustiveness, by Marina Nuciari in her paper in this Revue, i.e.: politology, international relations, general sociology, cultural anthropology, contemporary history, communication techniques, mass media culture, international law, cross-cultural knowledge, cross-cultural management techniques, problem solving and decision-making, work and social psychology.
7. Data from the year 2001.
8. The following countries participated in the research: Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Sweden and the US.
9. See Essens and others Citation2001, Franke 1997, Franke and Heinecken Citation2001, Soeters and Bos-Bakx Citation2002. Matthew Morgan too (Morgan, Citation2003) writes that the prevalence of operation other than war has met resistance from the officers and non-commissioned officers who still construct their service in the modernist sense of defending the country from all enemies. (p. 386)
10. Correlations/Variables Q1_5 (difficulties with civilian counterparts)
Q1_8 (difficulties with officers from other countries)
Q1_10 (difficulties in managing psychological stress of soldiers)
Q1_14 (realised deficiencies in professional preparation in comparison with officers from other countries)
Q1_12 (realised deficiencies in educational process)
No. of cases: 297 one-tailed significance: *−.01 **−.001
‘. ‘ is printed if a coefficient cannot be computed
11. See, for example, C. Moskos Citation1976.
12. See the incidents in the Japanese parliament (July 2003) following the government's decision to send troops to Iraq.