Hissing calls of tits elicit vigilance in feeding squirrels

Abstract

Breeding tits in the family Paridae let out a hissing call when encountering nest predators, which is thought to be acoustic Batesian mimicry. The antipredator effect of the hissing call of Paridae has only been confirmed in several studies. To identify whether the hissing call of Japanese tits (Parus minor) affects the feeding behavior of the nest predator Swinhoe’s striped squirrel (Tamiops swinhoei), we played back white noise, the call of Oriental turtle doves (Streptopelia orientalis), and the hissing call of Japanese tits to squirrels. The squirrels responded differently to the three types of sounds played back. The proportion of squirrels that still fed while the hissing call of tits being played (26.1%) was significantly lower than that when white noise (91.3%) and the call of doves (85.7%) being played. The alert time of feeding squirrels to the hissing call of tits was also significantly longer than that to white noise and the call of doves. Our study suggests that the hissing call of tits can change the feeding behavior of the nest predator squirrel, which may reduce nest predation in cavity birds.

KEY WORDS:

• antipredator behavior
• hissing call
• Japanese tits
• nest predation

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank J. Yu for help with call recording, L. Ma and T. Yi for assistance with field playback.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION

W. Liang designed the study; J. Liu carried out field experiments, performed statistical analyses and wrote the draft manuscript. W. Liang improved the manuscript. All authors approved the final submission.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities, North Minzu University [grant number 2021KYQD05] to J. Liu and National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number Nos 31772453 and 31970427] to W. Liang.