The Cirque Forms of Swedish Lapland

Abstract

During 1959–63 cirque forms in Swedish Lapland were inventoried by air photo interpretation in combination with field checks. Some field work was also performed during 1970–71.

The concepts of glacial cirque and nivation cirque are briefly discussed as well as some systems to classify cirque forms. The author also presents a classification system of his own.

On the enclosed point map the regional distribution of quite 2000 cirque forms can be studied. About half of them are regarded as glacial cirques. Some characteristics in their regional distribution are pointed out, e.g. mountains rich in cirque forms in relation to mountains with few forms. Formations, supposed to be cirque stairways, are mentioned.

The vertical distribution of the cirque forms is described and discussed with regard to cirque type as well as to variations within the investigated area—particularly from east to west but even from north to south. In this connection special attention is paid to the lowest cirque forms and their importance as indicators of lower glaciation levels.

The orientation (aspect) of these Laplandish cirque forms is studied too, e.g. with regard to cirque type and regional variation. An attempt is made to analyse such factors that are thought to be determinative for the cirque aspect. Thus the author discusses prevailing winds and general topography, exposure to sunlight and rock type/rock tectonics. As a link in these analyses the attitude of about 6000 joints and cleavage planes were measured and plotted on fabric diagrams—some of them are presented in this paper. A few concluding remarks on the age of the cirque forms are made too.

The paper is illustrated by photos, maps, sketches, diagrams, tables, and plates.