Multiple Glaciation in Scandinavia—Seen in Gross Morphology or Not?

ABSTRACT

Multiple glaciations are probable in Scandinavia for various reasons, but all glaciations do not need to have covered the whole area. The glacial gross forms are tested, first in general. The great contrast between areas W and E of the mountains is stressed. In the former we find fjord coasts with glacial basins, lateral widening of fjords and valleys, and inland displacement of general base level. The deep sounds, isolating high islands, are glacial work. On the E side some great troughs are parallels to western forms, and perhaps also the “piedmont” lakes in a row from N to S. Out of the types of U-shaped valleys a few are selected, the one-sided troughs, the “open” glacial valleys and the overdimensioned valleys. Age relations are hard to state in other terms than old-young, without interference with fluvial V-shaped valleys, supposed to be mainly interglacial. Three types are specially described: main valleys, tributaries and valley side gullies. Glacial cirques are numerous, also those without glaciers at present, aspect N to E. The distinction is made between cirques needing ice sheets in the near surroundings, and those mainly belonging to separate cirque glaciations. The problem of multiple glaciations needs much more research work.