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Abstract
This study examines Mainland Chinese and Canadian's cognitive, affective, and behavioral leisure attitudes, and it compares these attitudes with those of Anglo-Canadians and Chinese in Canada (as reported in Deng, Walker, & Swinnerton; 2006). Data from 132 Mainland Chinese and 198 Canadians visiting, respectively, Tiantong Mountain National Forest Park and Elk Island National Park were obtained. Factor analysis of the Leisure Attitude Scale (Ragheb & Beard, 1982) resulted in four useable sub-scales: cognitive, affective, behavioral/preference, and behavioral/leisure education. A MANOVA and follow-up ANOVAs indicated that our study's Canadian participants had significantly (p < .01) higher mean scores than our Mainland Chinese participants on all but the behavioral/leisure education attitude scale. In order to compare our behavioral leisure attitude findings with Deng's et al., an averaged score was first calculated, and then t-tests of this and the other two leisure attitudes were conducted. Results indicated that: (a) our study's Mainland Chinese participants had a significantly (p < .01) lower cognitive leisure attitude mean score than Deng's et al. Chinese in Canada participants, and this finding held true irrespective of whether those in the latter group were low- or high-acculturated; and (b) our study's Canadian participants had significantly (p < .01) higher affective and behavioral leisure attitude mean scores than Deng's et al. Anglo-Canadian participants. The two studies' findings are compared and contrasted, and research recommendations are proposed.