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Notes
1 Adrienne Dunn, “Fact check: Chick-fil-A Has Not Resumed Donations to Groups that Oppose LGBTQ Rights,” USA Today, June 30, 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/30/fact-check-chick-fil-a-has-not-resumed-donations-groups-oppose-lgbtq-rights/3244765001/.
2 Noah Michelson, “If You Really Love LGBTQ People, You Just Can't Keep Eating Chick-fil-A,” HuffPost, June 12, 2018, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/lgbtq-eating-chick-fil-a_n_5b1fb4cee4b09d7a3d770c81.
3 Michelson, “If You Really Love LGBTQ People.”
4 Lean Forward, “I’m Black and Gay and I’ll Still Eat at Chick-fil-A,” NBC News, July 31, 2012, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/im-black-gay-ill-still-eat-chick-fil-flna917733.
5 Mark Wingfield, “Why I’m an LGBTQ Ally Who Won’t Boycott Chick-fil-A,” Baptist News Global, August 1, 2022, https://baptistnews.com/article/why-im-an-lgbtq-ally-who-wont-boycott-chick-fil-a/.
6 Danny Klein, “Chick-fil-A Nearing $19 Billion in Sales,” QSR Magazine, April 6, 2023, https://www.qsrmagazine.com/fast-food/chick-fil-nearing-19-billion-sales.
7 “About Hillsong,” Hillsong Church, https://hillsong.com/about/. For a liturgically oriented history of Hillsong Church, see Nelson Cowan, “Liturgical Biography as Liturgical Theology: Co-Constructing Theology at Hillsong Church, New York City,” PhD diss., Boston University, 2019, 70–97. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37082.
8 “Hillsong Church Fact Sheet,” Hillsong Church, https://hillsong.com/fact-sheet/. It is important to note that this latter statistic has not been updated on the Hillsong Fact Sheet in the last five years when I was writing my dissertation on Hillsong Church. It might have ebbed or flowed since then.
9 John Sandeman, “Hillsong Founder Awaits Verdict in Cover-Up Case,” Christianity Today, December 22, 2022, https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2022/december/hillsong-houston-trial-charges-coverup-evidence.html.
10 Roxanne Stone, “Leaked Hillsong NYC Report: Sexual Misconduct Went Beyond Carl Lentz,” The Washington Post, April 15, 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/2022/04/15/hillsong-carl-lentz-report/.
11 See Ruth Graham, “Hillsong, Once a Leader of Christian Cool, Loses Footing in America,” The New York Times, March 29, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/29/us/hillsong-church-scandals.html; see also Leonardo Blair, “Hillsong Phoenix Pastor Announces Separation from Hillsong Church, Calls for Investigation of Board,” The Christian Post, March 28, 2022, https://www.christianpost.com/news/hillsong-phoenix-pastor-announces-separation.html.
12 See “Hillsong Church looks to The Future – Appoints New Global Senior Pastors,” Hillsong Newsroom, February 6, 2023, https://hillsong.com/newsroom/blog/2023/02/hillsong-church-looks-to-the-future-appoints-new-global-senior-pastors/#.ZGbPIOzMLRN.
13 Kelsey Kramer McGinnis, “Should We Keep Singing Hillsong?,” Christianity Today, May 2, 2022, https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2022/may-web-only/hillsong-church-music-sing-worship-scandal-documentary.html.
14 The musical publishing arm of Hillsong Church has three main brands with unique emphases: Hillsong Worship, which produces Hillsong’s live worship albums; Hillsong UNITED, which produces edgier, studio-based albums; and Hillsong Young & Free, the high-energy youth band.
15 Mark Evans, “Hillsong Abroad: Tracing the Songlines of Contemporary Pentecostal Music,” in The Spirit of Praise: Music and Worship in Global Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity, edited by Monique M. Ingalls and Amos Yong (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015), 183; Gerardo Martí, “The Global Phenomenon of Hillsong Church: An Initial Assessment,” Sociology of Religion 78, no. 4 (2018): 377.
16 Michael Silhavy, “David Robert Haas,” The Canterbury Dictionary of Hymnology. Canterbury Press, http://www.hymnology.co.uk.ezproxy.samford.edu/d/david-robert-haas.
17 See “David Haas,” Into Account, https://intoaccount.org/DavidHaas/.
18 See Sophie Vodvarka, “New Report Details 44 Accounts of Alleged Abuse by David Haas,” National Catholic Reporter, October 6, 2020, https://www.ncronline.org/news/new-report-details-44-accounts-alleged-abuse-david-haas.
19 Stephanie Krehbiel, “A Note on Into Account’s Role,” Into Account, October 1, 2020, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NkHNl_sMBFOY5mn_LXqj7VJI07KR03c0/view.
20 Press Release, GIA Publications, June 15, 2020, https://www.giamusic.com/page-images/PR_Haas_June6_2020.pdf.
21 See OCP Music, Facebook, June 15, 2020, https://www.facebook.com/OCPMusic/posts/3235650059789851; see “Haas Songs Removed from Voices Together Hymnal,” Voices Together Hymnal, June 23, 2020, http://voicestogetherhymnal.org/2020/06/23/haas-songs-removed-from-voices-together-hymnal/; see also “When Trust Is Broken: A Response to Allegations against Musician David Haas,” Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, November 2, 2020, https://blogs.elca.org/worship/2979/.
22 Krehbiel, “A Note on Into Account’s Role.”
23 “Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics,” RAINN, https://www.rainn.org/statistics/victims-sexual-violence.
24 Todd Wagner, “Should We Use Bethel Songs in Worship? 4 Diagnostic Questions,” The Gospel Coalition, June 28, 2019, https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/use-bethel-songs-worship-4-diagnostic-questions/.
25 Marie Fazio, “Catholic Churches Drop Hymns After Accusations Against Composer,” The New York Times, August 10, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/10/us/david-haas-catholic-composer-boycott.html.
26 Comment by a worship leader in an online worship leaders group—individual name and group name withheld for anonymity.
27 For a quick refresher, see Alister McGrath, Historical Theology: An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 1998), 72–74.
28 Sam Storms, “A Defense of Singing Songs from Bethel and Hillsong,” Sam Storms: Enjoying God (blog), August 6, 2021, https://www.samstorms.org/enjoying-god-blog/post/a-defense-of-singing-songs-from-bethel-and-hillsong.
29 Bob Kauflin and Zac Hicks, “Biblical Songs, Questionable Sources,” interview by Matthew Westerholm, Doxology and Theology Conference, 2016, https://soundcloud.com/doxandtheo/biblical-songs-questionable-sources.
30 Kauflin and Hicks, “Biblical Songs, Questionable Sources.”
31 Kauflin and Hicks.
32 Erin O’Donnell, “Should We Sing David Haas’s Songs After He’s Been Accused of Sexual Abuse?” Awake (blog), August 4, 2020, https://awakemilwaukee.org/2020/08/04/should-we-sing-david-haass-music-after-hes-been-accused-of-sexual-abuse/.
33 Andrew Stone Porter, “A Survivor-Centered Response to Allegations Against David Haas,” Andrew Stone Porter (blog), June 29, 2020, https://andrewstoneporter.wordpress.com/2020/06/29/a-survivor-centered-response-to-allegations-against-david-haas/.
34 Stone Porter, “A Survivor-Centered Response.”
35 APA Dictionary of Psychology, s.v. “Trauma,” https://dictionary.apa.org/trauma.
36 APA Dictionary of Psychology.
37 See Joan Huyser-Honig, “Trauma-Informed Worship: Address Trauma to Begin Healing,” Calvin Institute of Christian Worship, November 12, 2019, https://worship.calvin.edu/resources/resource-library/trauma-informed-worship-address-trauma-to-begin-healing/; see “Transcript for Trauma-Informed Worship: A Conversation between Rev. Dr. Elizabeth Stevens and Rev. Erika Hewitt,” July 27, 2021, https://www.uua.org/files/2021-08/Trauma-Informed%20Worship_Transcript.pdf.
38 CRC Worship, “Should My Church Sing Hillsong?” Christian Reformed Church: The Network (blog), April 26, 2023, https://network.crcna.org/topic/worship/music/should-my-church-sing-hillsong.
39 Huyser-Honig, “Trauma-Informed Worship.”
40 See Leonaura Rhodes, “What Are Vestigial Organs? 7 Body Parts We Don’t Need,” Universal Health News Daily, July 9, 2018, https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/aging-independence/vestigial-organs-7-body-parts-we-dont-need/.
41 Bethel Church of Redding, California, has supported the “Changed Movement,” which desires to “Exchange the LGBTQ Worldview and Identity for a Christian Worldview and Identity as Men and Women Who Are Children of God.” See www.changedmovement.com.
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Nelson Cowan
Nelson Cowan, the director of the Center for Worship and the Arts at Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama, is a worship leader and an ordained elder in The United Methodist Church.