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Original Articles

Evaluating the utility of remotely sensed soil moisture for the characterization of runoff response over Canadian watersheds

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Pages 77-89 | Received 18 Dec 2018, Accepted 06 Nov 2019, Published online: 29 Nov 2019
 

Abstract

Remotely sensed soil moisture measurements from satellite platforms are increasingly reliable, cost-effective and widely available data sources where in situ measurements are unavailable. This research uses the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission (SMOS) satellite-derived soil moisture anomalies over a database of 65 watersheds across Canada from 2011 to 2014 to analyze the soil moisture-runoff relationship. A spatial analysis of the variability and influences on the strength of this relationship revealed that 32% of catchments showed significant (1 tailed, p < 0.05) correlations between the weekly antecedent soil moisture state of the catchment and the weekly runoff ratio. Regions of strongest correlation were related to the topographic variables of slope and elevation. These results support the use of coarse-scale satellite remote sensing as a valuable data source in hydrological studies, but recommend caution when applying the data to regions where the accuracy of satellite soil moisture data sets is less certain (such as wetlands and areas with high topography) or areas where the runoff generation mechanisms are complex (frozen soils, wetlands or prairie environments).

Résumé

Les mesures de l’humidité du sol par télédétection à partir de plateformes satellitaires sont des sources de données de plus en plus fiables, rentables et accessibles lorsque des mesures in situ ne sont pas disponibles. Cette recherche utilise les anomalies de l’humidité du sol figurant dans la base de données de la mission SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) visant 65 bassins hydrographiques à travers le Canada de 2011 à 2014 pour analyser la relation entre l’humidité du sol et le ruissellement. Une analyse spatiale de la variabilité et des influences sur la force de cette relation a révélé que 32% des bassins versants montraient des corrélations significatives (unilatérales, p < 0,05) entre les conditions d’humidité du sol antérieures du bassin versant et le ruissellement hebdomadaire. Les régions où la corrélation était la plus forte dépendaient des variables topographiques de pente et d’élévation. Ces résultats appuient l’utilisation de la télédétection par satellite à échelle grossière comme source de données utile dans les études hydrologiques, mais il est recommandé d’être prudent lorsqu’on applique les données à des régions où l’exactitude des ensembles de données satellitaires sur l’humidité du sol est moins certaine (comme les terres humides et les zones à topographie élevée) ou à des régions où les mécanismes de production de ruissellement sont complexes (sols gelés, terres humides ou prairies).

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Jaclyn Cockburn who provided comments on an early draft of this analysis and Matilda Oja, Adam Bonneycastle and Jaison Ambadan-Thomas for programming and mapping assistance. We acknowledge and appreciate the constructive comments and suggestions from 3 reviewers.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by the NSERC Floodnet program and the Canadian Space Agency.

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