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Research Articles

Comparing paleo reconstructions of warm and cool season streamflow (1400–2018) for the North and South Saskatchewan River sub-basins, Western Canada

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Pages 50-66 | Received 14 Apr 2020, Accepted 01 Nov 2022, Published online: 15 Dec 2022
 

Abstract

The North and South Saskatchewan River sub-basins comprise the Saskatchewan River Basin (SRB), which originates in the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains of Alberta (Canada) and Montana (USA), extending across the vast landscape of three Canadian Provinces. The SRB is the most populated region of the Northern Great Plains, where water demands from agriculture, industry, and municipalities can be a substantial proportion of supply during periods of low flow and hydrological drought. Changing climatic conditions and shifts between periods of extreme wet and dry weather emphasize the need for a better understanding of past and future seasonal variability of the surface water balance within and between the sub-basins. Climate extremes, such as hydrological drought and excessive moisture conditions occurring simultaneously can create detrimental effects. Using a multi-species network of over 80 tree-ring chronologies, warm (May through August) and cool (December through April) season streamflow (1400–2018) were independently reconstructed for the North and South Saskatchewan River sub-basins. Departures from seasonal flow and spectral and wavelet analyses of the reconstructions indicate significant variability at inter-annual and multi-decadal scales.

RÉSUMÉ

Les sous-bassins des rivières Saskatchewan Nord et Sud forment le bassin de la rivière Saskatchewan (BRS), qui prend sa source sur les pentes orientales des montagnes Rocheuses de l’Alberta (Canada) et du Montana (États-Unis) et s’étend sur le vaste territoire de trois provinces canadiennes. Le SRB est la région la plus peuplée des Grandes Plaines du Nord, où les demandes en eau de l’agriculture, de l’industrie et des municipalités peuvent représenter une proportion substantielle de l’approvisionnement pendant les périodes de faible débit et de sécheresse hydrologique. L’évolution des conditions climatiques et les changements entre les périodes de temps extrêmement humide et sec soulignent la nécessité de mieux comprendre la variabilité saisonnière passée et future du bilan des eaux de surface dans et entre les sous-bassins. Les extrêmes climatiques, tels que la sécheresse hydrologique et les conditions d’humidité excessive se produisant simultanément, peuvent avoir des effets néfastes. En utilisant un réseau multi-espèces de plus de 80 chronologies d’anneaux d’arbres, les débits de saison chaude (mai à août) et de saison fraîche (décembre à avril) (1400-2018) ont été reconstruits indépendamment pour les sous-bassins de la rivière Saskatchewan Nord et Sud. Les écarts par rapport au débit saisonnier et les analyses spectrales et par ondelettes des reconstructions indiquent une variabilité importante aux échelles interannuelle et multidécennale.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Mary Vetter, Suzy Christoffel, Sheena Hatcher for their assistance in the field and laboratory. We also thank Bob Halliday for repeatedly asking the scientific question addressed by this paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

Funding was provided by Husky Energy and NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada).

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