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Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing
Journal canadien de télédétection
Volume 44, 2018 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Optimal Compact Polarimetric Parameters and Texture Features for Discriminating Sea Ice Types during Winter and Advanced Melt

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Pages 390-411 | Received 03 May 2018, Accepted 19 Sep 2018, Published online: 16 Jan 2019
 

Abstract

C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is widely used for sea ice monitoring and operational activities. The RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM), with its anticipated launch in 2018, will provide hybrid compact polarimetric (CP) C-band SAR data offering near-polarimetric capabilities at large image acquisition widths suitable for achieving operational and scientific objectives in the Arctic. Although C-band SAR is effective for sea ice monitoring, it is difficult to implement during advanced melt, when the sea ice cover is melting and covered by melt ponds. Ice type separability during winter (pre-melt) and advanced melt conditions was assessed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical separability analyses and Support Vector Machine supervised classifications of RCM parameters simulated from 2 winter and 2 advanced melt RADARSAT-2 scenes. Through a detailed analysis of the 2 advanced melt scenes, it was found that the steep incidence angle (22.3–24.2°) simulated RCM CP parameters provide improved ice type separability during the advanced melt period compared with shallow incidence angles (39.6–42.2°). With respect to classification, an overall accuracy of 77.06% was found for a scene comprising first-year and multiyear ice types, and a higher overall accuracy of 85.91% was achieved by including gray level co-occurrence matrix parameters in the classification.

RÉSUMÉ

Le Radar à synthèse d’ouverture (ROS) en bande C est utilisé opérationnellement pour la surveillance des glaces de mer. La Mission Constellation RADARSAT (MCR) fournira des données radar en polarimétrie compacte (CP) offrant des capacités quasi-polarimétriques et des images suffisamment grandes pour répondre aux besoins de surveillance dans l’Arctique. Toutefois, les données ROS ne sont pas aussi efficaces lorsque la fonte de la glace est avancée et le couvert de glace est recouvert par des étangs. La séparabilité des types de glace a été évaluée durant l’hiver et lors de conditions de fusion avancée à l’aide d’analyses de séparabilité statistiques Kolmogorov-Smirnov et de classifications Support Vector Machine (SVM) des paramètres MCR simulées, et ce pour deux scènes d’hiver et deux scènes acquises durant la fusion avancée. Grâce à une analyse détaillée des paramètres MCR simulés des deux scènes acquises en période de fonte, il a été constaté que les angles d’incidence obtus (22.3–24.2°) fournissent une meilleure séparabilité des types de glace par rapport aux angles d’incidence (39.6–42.2°). En ce qui concerne la classification, une précision globale de 77% a été obtenue pour une scène composée de glaces de première année et de glaces pluriannuelles et une précision globale de 86% a été atteinte en incluant des paramètres de la matrice de cooccurrence des niveaux de gris.

Acknowledgments

The research was conducted as part of the interdisciplinary Ice Covered Ecosystem – CAMbridge Bay Process Studies (ICE-CAMPS) project.

Additional information

Funding

Funding was provided by Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response Network (MEOPAR) and the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)—Discovery Grants Program. Additional support was provided by the Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP). RADARSAT-2 data and products © MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associated Ltd. All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency. RADARSAT-2 imagery are available for a fee from the National Earth Observation Data Framework Catalog (https://neodf.nrcan.gc.ca).

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