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Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing
Journal canadien de télédétection
Volume 46, 2020 - Issue 6
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Articles

RADARSAT-2 Derived Glacier Velocities and Dynamic Discharge Estimates for the Canadian High Arctic: 2015–2020

Estimations des vitesses et de la décharge dynamique des glaciers dans l’Extrême-Arctique canadien de 2015 à 2020 d’après les observations de RADARSAT-2

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Pages 695-714 | Received 05 Sep 2020, Accepted 30 Nov 2020, Published online: 06 Jan 2021
 

Abstract

RADARSAT-2 imagery collected each winter from 2015/2016 to 2019/2020 is used to quantify and characterize the variability in the motion of, and the discharge from, the major marine-terminating ice masses of the Queen Elizabeth Islands (QEI: Devon, Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands) in the Canadian High Arctic. The majority of the glaciers did not experience significant variations in flow speeds over the observation period, and for most that did the variations are attributed to pulse and surge processes. However, there are exceptions where the velocity record indicates continued acceleration of the glaciers by processes that appear distinct from surging or pulsing, such as dynamic thinning. These include Trinity and Wykeham glaciers (Prince of Wales Icefield) and Belcher Glacier (Devon Ice Cap). The combination of surface velocities with ice thicknesses indicates that average ice discharge to the ocean for the QEI over the observation period was 2.78 ± 0.52 Gt a−1 (ranging between ∼2.37 ± 0.48 Gt a−1 and ∼3.20 ± 0.55 Gt a−1), ∼50% of which was channeled through the Trinity-Wykeham glacier basin alone. The results presented here, combined with those of previous studies, provide a comprehensive record of ice motion and discharge from the QEI between 2008 and 2020.

Résumé

Des images recueillies par RADARSAT-2 dans l’Extrême-Arctique canadien chaque hiver de 2015–2016 à 2019–2020 ont permis de quantifier et de caractériser la variabilité du mouvement et de la décharge des principales masses glaciaires des îles de la Reine-Élisabeth (îles Devon, d’Ellesmere et Axel Heiberg) se jetant dans l’océan. Au cours de la période d’observation, la vitesse d’écoulement de la plupart des glaciers n’a pas connu d’importantes variations et, le cas échéant, la plupart de ces variations étaient attribuables à des processus d’impulsions et de poussées. Toutefois, il existe des exceptions où le relevé de la vitesse montre une accélération continue des glaciers causée par des processus qui semblent distincts de la poussée ou de l’impulsion, comme l’amincissement dynamique. Ces exceptions concernent notamment les glaciers Trinity et Wykeham (champ de glace Prince-de-Galles) et le glacier Belcher (calotte glaciaire Devon). Ensemble, les vitesses superficielles et les épaisseurs de la glace indiquent qu’au cours de la période d’observation, le débit moyen de la décharge des glaces dans l’océan depuis les îles de la Reine-Élisabeth était de 2,78 ± 0,52 Gt a−1 (soit de ∼ 2,37 ± 0,48 Gt a−1 à ∼ 3,20 ± 0,55 Gt a−1), et qu’environ 50% de ce débit transitaient par le seul bassin des glaciers Trinity et Wykeham. Ces résultats, combinés à ceux d’études antérieures, offrent un relevé exhaustif du mouvement et de la décharge des glaces dans les îles de la Reine-Élisabeth entre 2008 et 2020.

Additional information

Funding

We gratefully acknowledge support to carry out this work from the ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence (‘GO-Ice project’ support to WVW and LC), Environment and Climate Change Canada (WVW), the Canada Foundation for Innovation (LC) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant to LC and Vanier Graduate Scholarship to WK), the University of Waterloo (WVW), and the University of Ottawa (WVW, LC, WK). We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing editors for their input on this work.

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