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Articles

Let’s (not) meet at the pool: A Black Canadian social history of swimming (1900s–1960s)

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Pages 137-164 | Received 26 Oct 2017, Accepted 31 May 2018, Published online: 03 Apr 2019
 

Abstract

While sport has been touted as a bridge for racial equality, racial discrimination has been as present in recreational and sporting spaces, as in any other public spaces. Discrimination in these spaces can thus inform racial relations in a society. Few Canadian studies have been conducted on the development of racial discourses in the context of recreational spaces, especially from a historical perspective. Through the lens of swimming, a historically exclusive recreational and sporting activity, this paper aims at positioning swimming experiences within racial and power relations between Black and White people in Canada. The findings inform us that racial discourses were continuously reinforced in swimming spaces, and shaped Black Canadians’ experience. The particularities of and similarities between the various cases discussed also underscore the nuanced and varied effects of pre-1970s informal racial discrimination policy in Canada.

La fausse idée selon laquelle l’espace sportif ou de loisir représente un sanctuaire contre le racisme reste omniprésente. Dans cet optique, la discrimination raciale dans ces espaces nous aide à étudier les relations interraciales en société. Au Canada, peu d’études historiques ont été conduites pour comprendre comment les discours tenant à la race dans les espaces publiques, surtout celles fondées sur des considérations ségrégationnistes, ont défini l’expérience des personnes racisées. Afin de comprendre les relations raciales dans l’espace publique canadienne d’antan, cette recherche avait comme intention d’examiner la pratique de la natation des Noirs au Canada au vingtième siècle. Il en ressort que des préjugés d’ordre raciales ont façonné de manière complexe l’expérience des Noirs en natation, qu’elle fût récréative ou compétitive. Avant les années 1970, étant donné l’absence de loi ségrégationnistes au Canada, l’exclusion n’était pas totale; cependant, sans recours à des sanctions anti-discrimination, il était tout aussi ordinaire de se voir interdit l’accès dans certaines espaces.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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