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Articles

L’impact de la distribution politico-religieuse sur le Liban. Le sport, révélateur de phénomènes sociaux?

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Pages 201-216 | Received 12 Feb 2018, Accepted 10 May 2018, Published online: 03 Jul 2019
 

Abstract

Lebanon, one of the smallest countries of the Middle East, has a cultural diversity which is concentrated in its geographical space and which is difficult to see elsewhere. Its peculiarity and its originality emanate from a constitution which distributes political powers according to the religious affiliations of its population. Indeed, in Lebanon, professional sport is subjected to very strong cultural imperatives which we cannot disregard. Lebanese society, far from being secular, is colored by 19 religious groups. Sport teams belong to various politico-religious groups and the same applies to spectators. The objective of this study was born of the analysis of discussions of sports representatives and the result of a questionnaire addressed to around a hundred people, to study the impact of this politico-religious mosaic on the most popular sports discipline in Lebanon: basketball. It appears that this initially favorable management system today seems outdated and anachronistic, unsettling a social opening in a logic of globalization.

Le Liban, est l’un des plus petits pays du Moyen-Orient, mais il concentre dans son espace géographique, une rare diversité culturelle et religieuse, également fondatrice de son organisation politique. Sa spécificité et son originalité émanent ainsi d’une constitution qui répartit les pouvoirs administratifs en fonction des appartenances, à 19 confessions officiellement reconnues. Cette diversité exerce son influence sur l’ensemble des activités politiques, économiques et culturelles de la vie sociale libanaise, a fortiori, sur le domaine de ses activités sportives. L’objectif de cette étude a consisté depuis l’analyse d’entretiens de responsables sportifs et du bilan d’un questionnaire adressé à une centaine d’acteurs du sport libanais, à percevoir l’impact de cette mosaïque politico-religieuse sur la discipline sportive la plus populaire au Liban : le basket-ball. Il apparaît que ce système de gestion initialement favorable, semble aujourd’hui dépassé, anachronique et perturbe une ouverture sociale dans une logique de mondialisation.

Déclaration

Aucun conflit d’intérêts potentiel n’a été rapporté par les auteurs.

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