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Fundamental Research / Recherche fondamentale

Interannual Variations of Sea-ice Extent in the Okhotsk Sea – A Pan-Okhotsk Climate System Perspective

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Pages 234-245 | Received 24 May 2022, Accepted 23 Jan 2023, Published online: 14 Feb 2023
 

ABSTRACT

This study investigated interannual variations in the late winter (January–March) sea-ice extent in the Okhotsk Sea (OS) and its relationship with the atmospheric circulation from 1971 to 2018. During heavy sea-ice years, negative air temperature anomalies are broadly discernable between the northeastern part of Eurasia and the North Pacific including the coastal polynyas adjacent to the northern and western coast of the OS. Cold air mass (CAM) genesis indicates the importance of the insulation effect of sea-ice in the persistent cold air temperatures in the OS. Light sea-ice years are marked by anomalous southeasterly winds and the resultant warm air advection associated with increases in extratropical cyclones. Southeasterly anomalies are associated with the weakening of the Aleutian low. Upper-tropospheric anticyclones dominating around the OS are closely connected with intensified convection in the vicinity of the South China Sea through propagation of a stationary Rossby wave relevant to La Niña-like warm sea surface temperature anomalies. The seasonal evolution of the CAM amount, sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Aleutian low suggest that there may be chain feedback between them.

RÉSUMÉ

[Traduit par la rédaction] La présente étude s’est penchée sur les variations interannuelles de l’étendue de la glace de mer en fin d’hiver (janvier-mars) dans la mer d’Okhotsk (MO) et sa relation avec la circulation atmosphérique de 1971 à 2018. Pendant les années de forte glace de mer, des anomalies négatives de la température de l’air sont largement perceptibles entre la partie nord-est de l’Eurasie et le Pacifique Nord, y compris les polynies côtières adjacentes à la côte nord et ouest de la MO. La genèse de la masse d’air froid (MAI) indique l’importance de l’effet isolant de la glace de mer dans les températures de l’air froid persistantes dans la MO. Les années de faible glace de mer sont marquées par des vents anormaux du sud-est et l’advection d’air chaud qui en résulte, associée à une augmentation des cyclones extratropicaux. Les anomalies de sud-est sont associées à l’affaiblissement de la dépression des Aléoutiennes. Les anticyclones de haute troposphère qui dominent autour de la MO sont étroitement liés à l’intensification de la convection à proximité de la mer de Chine méridionale par la propagation d’une onde de Rossby stationnaire liée à des anomalies de température de surface de la mer chaudes de type La Niña. L’évolution saisonnière de la quantité de MAI, de la glace de mer dans la mer d’Okhotsk et de la dépression des Aléoutiennes donne à penser qu’il peut y avoir une rétroaction en chaîne entre eux.

Acknowledgements

We also acknowledge Dr. Tomoshige Inoue for editorial assistance. We would also like to thank Editage for providing copy editing for this manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund [(grant number JPMEERF20214002] of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan, and JSPS KAKENHI [grant numbers 21H01154, 21H00626K].

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