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Soilborne Diseases / Maladies Telluriques

Some soilborne pathogens causing root rot and wilting of pistachio trees in southeastern Turkey

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Accepted 07 Nov 2023, Published online: 07 Dec 2023
 

Abstract

Soilborne fungal pathogens that cause root rot, wilting and dying are the most important problems in pistachio production. The purpose of this study was to examine, isolate, and diagnose the pathogens from diseased pistachio trees in orchards and nurseries located in southeastern Turkey. Fungi isolated from the pistachio trees were identified by morphology and the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor-1α (TEF-1α). Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Fusarium chlamydosporum and Macrophomina phaseolina were the most important fungi causing root rot, wilting and decline of pistachio trees. Pathogenicity studies showed that all of the fungi identified can colonize and damage the vascular tissues of a sapling and cause substantial lesions and vascular discolourations. This study provides the first evidence of wilting due to the root and crown rot in pistachio trees in Siirt province of Turkey caused by some Fusarium species, especially F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. chlamydosporum, F. brachygibbosum and M. phaseolina. Finally, the research enabled the identification of some fungal pathogens that are seriously harming pistachio trees in southeastern Turkey.

Résumé

Les agents pathogènes terricoles qui causent le pourridié, le flétrissement et la mort sont les problèmes les plus importants qui touchent la production de pistaches. Le but de cette étude était d’examiner, d’isoler et d’identifier les agents pathogènes provenant de pistachiers infectés issus de vergers et de pépinières du sud-est de la Turquie. Les champignons isolés sur les pistachiers ont été identifiés en fonction de leur morphologie ainsi que des séquences de la région de l’espaceur transcrit interne (ITS) et du facteur d’élongation de la traduction-1α (TEF-1α). Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Fusarium chlamydosporum et Macrophomina phaseolina étaient les principaux champignons causant le pourridié, le flétrissement et le déclin des pistachiers. Des études de pathogénicité ont montré que tous les champignons identifiés pouvaient colonizer et endommager les tissus vasculaires d’une gaule ainsi que causer de graves lésions et de la décolouration vasculaire. Cette étude fournit les premières preuves du dépérissement découlant du pourridié et de la pourriture du collet chez les pistachiers de la province de Siirt, en Turquie, causé par certaines espèces de Fusarium, principalement par F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. chlamydosporum, F. brachygibbosum et M. phaseolina. Finalement, la recherche a permis d’identifier certains agents pathogènes fongiques qui endommagent gravement les pistachiers du sud-est de la Turquie.

Acknowledgments

We appreciate the access to commercial production sites provided by Şuayip Aslan, President of the Siirt Pistachio Growers Association.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

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