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Forest Diseases / Pathologie Forestière

Occurrence and identification of two Nothophoma species causing branch canker and leaf brown spot of walnut in China

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Accepted 07 Feb 2024, Published online: 11 Mar 2024
 

Abstract

In June 2020, branch canker and brown spot of leaves on walnut were observed in Qingyang, China. A total of five strains were isolated from symptomatic samples and verified for pathogenicity based on Koch’s Postulates, which showed that strains Hz4–1, Hz5–2, and Hy3–1 were the causative agents, and preliminarily identified them as members of the genus Nothophoma based on morphological characteristics. Subsequently, multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large ribosomal subunit (LSU), partial β-tubulin (TUB2), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) showed that the three strains were clustered into two groups on the phylogenetic tree: strain Hz4–1 and Hz5–2 and Nothophoma quercina (CBS 6633.92) clustered into one branch with 84% support, while Hy3–1 and Nothophoma spiraeae (CFCC 53 929) clustered within a well-supported clade with a bootstrap value of 99%. As a result, combining morphological characteristics and multi-locus systematic analysis, the strains Hz4–1 and Hz5–2 were identified as N. quercina, and Hy3–1 was identified as N. spiraeae, which is the first report of N. spiraeae causing walnut disease in China.

Résumé

En juin 2020, le chancre des branches et la tache brune des feuilles du noyer ont été observés à Qingyang, en Chine. Au total, cinq souches ont été isolées à partir d’échantillons symptomatiques et leur pathogénicité a été vérifiée sur la base du postulat de Koch, ce qui a montré que les souches Hz4-1, Hz5-2 et Hy3-1 étaient les agents responsables, et les a identifiées de manière préliminaire comme des membres du genre Nothophoma sur la base de leurs caractéristiques morphologiques. Par la suite, l’analyse phylogénétique multilocus des séquences partielles de l’espaceur transcrit interne (ITS), de la grande sous-unité ribosomique nucléaire (LSU), de la β-tubuline partielle (TUB2) et de la deuxième plus grande sous-unité de l’ARN polymérase II (RPB2) a montré que les trois souches étaient regroupées en deux groupes sur l’arbre phylogénétique : les souches Hz4-1 et Hz5-2 et Nothophoma quercina (CBS 6633. 92) se sont regroupées en une seule branche avec un soutien de 84 %, tandis que Hy3-1 et Nothophoma spiraeae (CFCC 53 929) se sont regroupées au sein d’un clade bien soutenu avec une valeur bootstrap de 99 %. Par conséquent, en combinant les caractéristiques morphologiques et l’analyse systématique multi-locus, les souches Hz4-1 et Hz5-2 ont été identifiées comme étant N. quercina, et Hy3-1 a été identifié comme étant N. spiraeae, ce qui constitue le premier signalement de N. spiraeae causant la maladie du noyer en Chine.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The 12 newly generated nucleotide sequences are available under NCBI GenBank. ITS (ON429028), LSU (ON564598), TUB2 (ON961030), and RPB2 (ON996909) for Hz4–1; ITS (ON564608), LSU (ON564609), TUB2 (ON981294), and RPB2 (OP021894) for Hz5–2; ITS (ON564614), LSU (ON564619), TUB2 (OP093550), and RPB2 (OP174986) for Hy3–1 ().

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the Gansu Agricultural University to Prof. Chengde Yang, and helped from colleagues of Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province.

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