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Epidemiology / Épidémiologie

Insights into haplotype distribution and population dynamics of Biscogniauxia mediterranea in cork oak forests in Tunisia

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Accepted 26 Apr 2024, Published online: 04 Jun 2024
 

Abstract

Biscogniauxia mediterranea is a pathogenic fungus associated with Quercus species causing charcoal canker disease in forests. Its phenotypic and genetic variability has been well studied in Tunisia but little is known about its demographic history. Population dynamic of B. mediterranea was evaluated among 30 isolates from different cork oak forests in Northwestern Tunisia. The genetic structure analyzed with two DNA markers (ITS and tef-1α) showed low genetic differentiation associated with high genetic flow among populations. The polymorphism analysis showed low nucleotide diversity but high haplotypic diversity among and within B. mediterranea populations which could be due to rapid growth from a small ancestral population. This hints at recent population growth after a period of decline likely due to a catastrophic event involving fires and human-induced tree cutting. The resulting genetic diversity within populations primarily arises from the emergence of new haplotypes. Overall, this study provides insights into the polymorphism of B. mediterranea and its potential adaptive strategy.

Résumé 

Biscogniauxia mediterranea est un champignon pathogène associé aux espèces de chênes (Quercus), causant la maladie du chancre charbonneux dans les forêts. Sa variabilité phénotypique et génétique a été largement étudiée en Tunisie, mais peu d’informations sont connues sur son histoire démographique. La dynamique de population de B. mediterranea a été évaluée pour 30 isolats provenant de différentes forêts de chêne-liège dans le Nord-ouest de la Tunisie. La structure génétique analysée à l’aide de deux marqueurs d’ADN (ITS et tef-1α) a révélé une faible différenciation génétique associée à un fort flux génétique entre les populations. L’analyse du polymorphisme a montré une faible diversité nucléotidique mais une forte diversité haplotypique au sein des populations de B. mediterranea, ce qui pourrait être dû à une croissance rapide à partir d’une petite population ancestrale. Cela laisse entendre une croissance récente de la population après une période de déclin, probablement due à un événement catastrophique impliquant des incendies et l’abattage d’arbres provoqué par l’activité humaine. La diversité génétique résultante au sein des populations découle principalement de l’émergence de nouveaux haplotypes. Dans l’ensemble, cette étude fournit des informations sur le polymorphisme de B. mediterranea et sa stratégie adaptative potentielle.

Acknowledgments

The Tunisian Ministry of Scientific Research and Technology, the University of Carthage, and the Tunisian Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education supported this work. Thanks to Mohsen AOUINI (Chef du bureau technique et exploitation forestière à Ain Draham) for his help in the field prospection.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

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