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Journal of the American College of Nutrition Volume 34, 2015 - Issue 4
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Original Research

Interrelationship Between Alcohol Intake and Endogenous Sex-Steroid Hormones on Diabetes Risk in Postmenopausal Women

Rachelle D. RohwerDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;Program on Genomics and Nutrition, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;Eli Lilly and Co., Department of Global Health Outcomes, Indianapolis, Indiana
, MPH, PhD,
Simin LiuDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;Program on Genomics and Nutrition, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
, MD , MPH , ScD,
Nai-Chieh YouDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;Program on Genomics and Nutrition, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
, PhD,
Julie E. BuringDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
, MS , ScD,
JoAnn E. MansonDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
, MD , MPH , DrPH &
Yiqing SongDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IndianaCorrespondence[email protected]
, MD , ScD
Pages 273-280 | Received 01 May 2013, Accepted 24 Apr 2014, Published online: 11 Mar 2015
 
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Abstract

Objective: We examined whether circulating concentrations of sex hormones, including estradiol, testosterone, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), were associated with alcohol intake or mediated the alcohol–type 2 diabetes (T2D) association.

Methods: Among women not using hormone replacement therapy and free of baseline cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes in the Women's Health Study, 359 incident cases of T2D and 359 matched controls were chosen during 10 years of follow-up.

Results: Frequent alcohol intake (≥1 drink/day) was positively and significantly associated with higher plasma estradiol concentrations in an age-adjusted model (β = 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03, 0.26), compared to rarely/never alcohol intake. After adjusting for additional known covariates, this alcohol–estradiol association remained significant (β = 0.19, 95% CI, 0.07, 0.30). Testosterone (β = 0.13, 95% CI, −0.05, 0.31), SHBG (β = 0.07, 95% CI, −0.07, 0.20), and DHEAS (β = 0.14, 95% CI, −0.04, 0.31) showed positive associations without statistical significance. Estradiol alone or in combination with SHBG appeared to influence the observed protective association between frequent alcohol consumption and T2D risk, with a 12%–21% reduction in odds ratio in the multivariate-adjusted models.

Conclusions: Our cross-sectional analysis showed positive associations between alcohol intake and endogenous estradiol concentrations. Our prospective data suggested that baseline concentrations of estradiol, with or without SHBG, might influence the alcohol–T2D association in postmenopausal women.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Sara Chacko for her editorial comments and Katie Chan for her review of the analysis and tables.

FUNDING

This work is supported by grants DK066401, HL-43851, and CA-47988 from the National Institutes of Health.

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