Nutritional Risk and Nutritional Status at Admission and Discharge among Chinese Hospitalized Patients: A Prospective, Nationwide, Multicenter Study

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess nutritional risk and status of Chinese hospitalized patients at admission and discharge and relations with clinical outcomes.

Methods: A prospective, nationwide, multicenter study was conducted from June to September 2014 in 34 large hospitals in 18 cities in China. Patients ≥ 18 years with a hospital stay of 7–30 days were recruited. Anthropometric and laboratory indicators, nutritional risk screening, and assessment by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and subjective global assessment (SGA) were performed within 24 hours of admission and discharge. Clinical data during hospitalization were collected.

Results: A total of 6,638 patients met the criteria with a male: female ratio of 1.39:1 and an average age of 59.72 ± 15.40 years. At admission, the proportion of patients with nutritional risk, body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m², and moderate to severe malnutrition was 40.12%, 8.92%, and 26.45%, respectively, whereas at discharge, these percentages were 42.28%, 8.91%, and 30.57%, respectively. The values of all of these indicators were higher in patients 65 years of age and older. Patients with nutritional risk at admission had a longer average hospital stay (14.02 ± 6.42 vs 13.09 ± 5.703 days), higher incidence of total complications (6.90% vs 1.52%), and greater total medical expenses (3.39 ± 7.50 vs 3.00 ± 3.38 million RMB; all p < 0.01) than patients without nutritional risk. Similar results were obtained for the patients with nutritional risk at discharge.

Conclusion: The prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition, including moderate to severe malnutrition, at discharge is higher than that observed at admission; the clinical outcome of patients with nutritional risk is poor.

KEYWORDS:

• Nutritional risk screening
• nutritional status
• subjective global assessment
• nutrition survey
• clinical outcomes
• Chinese hospitalized patients

Acknowledgments

We thank all of the doctors, nurses, technicians, and patients who participated in the study for their dedication to the study.

Funding

This study was funded by the Abbott Company. The funding body, Abbott, provided funding to the Geriatric Nutrition Study Group of CSPEN for research management, statistical fees, and allowances for the participants. Abbott was not involved in the project design, data collection and analysis, or article preparation. Neither the sites nor the investigators received any reimbursement.