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Abstract
Objective
High level of exogenous ROS in the circulation affects RBC membrane integrity which facilitates the generation of endogenous RBC ROS, implicated in series of physiological changes primarily associated with thrombosis and vital tissue damage. Although, Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) stores abundance of proteins, their therapeutic potential is least explored. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the role of Pennisetum Glaucum Protein Extract (PGE) on oxidative stress induced cell/tissue damage and thrombosis.
Method
In this investigation, protein characterization was done by using SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE, PAS-staining and HPLC. In-vitro oxidative stress was induced in RBC using sodium nitrite. While, in-vivo oxidative stress was induced in experimental rats using diclofenac. Stress markers and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Role of PGE on thrombosis was assessed by using, in-vitro plasma recalcification time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, mouse tail bleeding time (In-vivo) and platelet aggregation.
Results:
PGE revealed varied range of molecular weight proteins on SDS-PAGE. PGE normalized the sodium nitrite induced oxidative damage of RBC and diclofenac induced oxidative damage in liver, kidney and small intestine. PGE exhibited anticoagulant effect by increasing the coagulation time of both PRP and PPP and mouse tail bleeding time. Furthermore, PGE prolonged the clotting time of only APTT but did not affect PT. PGE inhibited agonists ADP and epinephrine induced platelet aggregation.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest, PGE could be a better contender in the management of oxidative stress and its associated diseases.
Abbreviations
| PGE | = | Pennisetum Glaucum protein Extract |
| APPT | = | Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time |
| PT | = | Prothrombin Time |
| ROS | = | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| PRP | = | Platelet Rich Plasma |
| PPP | = | Platelet Poor Plasma |
| SDS-PAGE | = | Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis |
| PAS | = | Periodic Acid-schiff Staining |
| OD | = | Optical Density |
| INR | = | International Normalized Ratio |
| PBS | = | Phosphate Buffered Saline |
| SOD | = | Superoxide Dismutase |
| TCA | = | Trichloro Acetatic Acid |
| DTNB | = | Di-Thio-bis-NitroBenzoic acid |
| SGOT | = | Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase |
| SGPT | = | Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase |
| ALP | = | Alkaline Phosphatase |
| DFC | = | Diclofenac |
| Syl | = | Silymarin |
| MED | = | Minimum Edema Dose |
| MHD | = | Minimum Hemorrhagic Dose |
Author contributions
AS and DS together planned and designed the research work. CS, SMH, JK, SKMN, and CR assisted AS in the laboratory work. SSM, TTG, RR, and MS reviewed the article.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).