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Notes
[1] Beck, Risk Society.
[2] Schaffer, ‘Public Experiments.’
[3] For two good, recent books on this point, Stanziani, Histoire de la qualité alimentaire, and MacKenzie et al., Do Economists Make Markets?
[4] Butler et al., Contingency, Hegemony, Universality; Laclau and Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy.
[5] Moreau Defarges, ‘Gouvernance’ constitutes a good example of such a study.
[6] This whole section relies on Pestre, Science, Society and the Political, a report for the EU Directorate Science and Society that summarizes a two‐day workshop discussion.
[7] The Ph.D. thesis of Jean‐Baptiste Fressoz, ‘Les processus d’innovation au XIXe siècle,’ details these early 19th‐century changes.
[8] Stanziani, Histoire de la qualité alimentaire.
[9] On the first point and on the French case, the trilogy of Rosanvallon, La crise de l’Etat providence; La nouvelle question sociale and L’Etat en France are the key references. On the second point, the seminars of Foucault at Collège de France, Il faut défendre la société; Naissance de la biopolitique and Sécurité, Territoire, Population remain essential despite Dean, Governmentality; Barry et al., Foucault and Political Reason; Lascoumes and Le Galès, Gouverner par les instruments; Senellart, Les arts de gouverner; Zancarini, Lectures de Michel Foucault and many other texts.
[10] On that aspect, Ezrahi, The Descent of Icarus remains central.
[11] The immense literature produced by the EU commission over the last decade constitutes a wonderful material to document that aspect. See also Boltanski and Chiapello, The New Spirit of Capitalism.
[12] On the central role of deliberation in democratic process, see Elster, Deliberative Democracy; Manin, ‘Volonté générale ou deliberation?’ and Principe du gouvernement représentatif; Urfalino, ‘La décision par consensus apparent,’ and Sintomer, Le pouvoir au peuple.
[13] Dasgupta, ‘Science as an Institution;’ and Pestre, Science, argent et politique.
[14] Jas, Au carrefour de la chimie.
[15] Callon et al., Agir dans un monde incertain.
[16] Sintomer, Le pouvoir au peuple.
[17] Stirling, ‘Opening Up or Closing Down.’
[18] Manin, ‘Volonté générale ou délibération’ remains central in that respect.
[19] Rosanvallon, La contre‐démocratie.
[20] Bruno, ‘Déchiffrer l’≪«Europe compétitive»’; Borraz, ‘Les normes, instruments dépolitisés;’ Timmermanns and Berg, The Gold Standard; Woolf et al., ‘Clinical Guidelines.’