Covariates of risky health behaviors in pediatric cancer survivors during adolescence

Abstract

Purpose

Adolescent survivors of pediatric cancers may use alcohol and tobacco (73–90% and 10–29%, respectively) at similar rates as their healthy peers despite known adverse health effects of these substances. This is concerning given that these behaviors can increase the risk for adverse late effects among this population. This study explores the beliefs and behaviors associated with alcohol and tobacco use among adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer.

Design

Cross-sectional study using assessment questionnaires by telephone.

Participants

Adolescent cancer survivors who had been seen at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (n = 128)

Methods

Questionnaires concerned participants’ medical history, current health behaviors, attitudes about health behaviors, fear of cancer recurrence, cancer worry, knowledge of risk, and perceived risk of future health problems. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses determined the association between psychological covariates with having ever used alcohol and cigarettes.

Results

In multiple logistic regression, higher positive attitude (OR = 3.65; p < 0.001) toward alcohol use and lower knowledge of the risk of binge drinking (OR = 0.38; p < 0.05) were significantly related to alcohol use. Older age (OR = 1.55; p < 0.01), lower knowledge of the risks of smoking (0.41; p < 0.05), and the subjective norm that smoking is desirable to others (OR = 1.90; p < 0.05) were significantly related to cigarette use.

Conclusion and implications for psychosocial providers

Understanding the uptake of risky health behaviors and factors related to tobacco and alcohol use for adolescent survivors is imperative to promoting lifelong healthy behaviors and potentially reducing future adverse health effects. Despite broadly disseminated public service campaigns and anticipatory guidance of our cancer specialists to inform youth about the adverse effects of alcohol and tobacco use, there remains a gap in adolescent cancer survivors’ knowledge of these risks. More effective interventions to increase knowledge of the risks of drinking and smoking are needed to bridge this gap.

Keywords:

• Adolescent/young adult
• behavioral health
• pediatric
• quantitative
• survivorship

Acknowledgments

All study procedures and data collection were approved and overseen by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center’s IRB.

Disclaimer

The tobacco use findings have been previously presented through a poster presentation at the 2018 American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference & Exhibition. Title of the poster was Predictors of Tobacco Use Among Pediatric Cancer Survivors During Adolescence.

Disclosure statement

No competing financial interests exist.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute (J Ford) grant CA101514.