![Sample our Environment & Agriculture journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5934/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Environment-Agriculture.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
The polycomb group (PcG) proteins play important roles in repressing gene expression by modifying chromatin. PcG proteins usually form multiple protein complexes, such as Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 complexes, to repress gene expression. At least three PRC2 complexes have been identified in Arabidopsis that are required for normal plant development. PRC2 complexes repress gene expression through trimethylating lysine 27 on histone 3. Sequentially, PRC1 complexes recognize and bind to H3K27me3 mark generated by PRC2 complexes and monoubiquitylate lysine 119. However, neither the recruitment of PRC nor the regulation mechanisms of PRC functions are well understood. Recent findings suggest that the recruitment of PRC2 complexes to the target chromatin is not simple. Polycomb Response Elements (PREs) in the promoter regions of several PRC2 target genes, transcriptional factors, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and PRC2 associated-proteins have been documented to be involved in PRC2 targeting. In this review, we focus on the recent findings on PRC2 targeting and their regulatory roles in plant development by repressing gene expression.
Abbreviations
| ABI3 | = | ABA Insensitive 3 |
| AEBP2 | = | Adipocyte Enhancer-Binding Protein 2 |
| AFL | = | ABI3- FUS3- LEC2 |
| AG | = | AGAMOUS |
| AGO4 | = | ARGONAUTE 4 |
| APOLO | = | Auxin Regulated Promoter Loop |
| ARID | = | AT-Rich Interactive Domain |
| AS1 | = | Asymmetric Leaves 1 |
| AS2 | = | Asymmetric Leaves 2 |
| AtCYP71 | = | Cyclophilin 71 |
| BBR/BPC | = | Barley B Recombinant/Basic Pentacysteine |
| BLI | = | BLISTER |
| BP | = | BREVIPEDICELLUS |
| CLF | = | CURLY LEAF |
| ChIP | = | Chromatin Immunoprecipitation |
| CKROX/TH-POK | = | Kruppel-Related Zinc-Finger Protein/T-Helper Inducing POZ/KRUPPEL-Like Factor |
| CpG Island | = | CpG Dinucleotide |
| COLDAIR | = | Cold Assisted Intronic Noncoding RNA |
| DSP1 | = | Dorsal Switch Protein 1 |
| EED | = | Embryonic Ectoderm Development |
| EMF1 | = | Embryonic Flower 1 |
| EMF2 | = | Embryonic Flower 2 |
| ESC | = | Extra Sex Combs |
| E(Z) | = | Enhancer of Zeste |
| EZH1 | = | Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 1 |
| EZH2 | = | Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 |
| FIE | = | Fertilization Independent Endosperm |
| FIS1 | = | Fertilization Independent Seed 1 |
| FIS2 | = | Fertilization Independent Seed |
| FLC | = | Flowering Locus C |
| FT | = | Flowering Locus T |
| FUS3 | = | FUSCA 3 |
| FM | = | Floral Meristem |
| GAF | = | GAGA Factor |
| Z | = | ZESTE |
| H2AK119ub | = | Monoubiquitylation of lysine 119 on Histone 2A |
| H3K27me3 | = | Trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 |
| HFD | = | Histone Fold Domain |
| HOTAIR | = | HOX Antisense Intergenic RNA |
| HOX | = | Homeobox |
| IM | = | Inflorescence Meristem |
| INO | = | INNER NO OUTER |
| JMJC | = | Jumonji C |
| KNAT2 | = | Knotted-Like from Arabidopsis Thaliana 2 |
| KNOX | = | Knotted 1-Like Homeobox |
| KNU | = | KNUCKLES |
| LEC1 | = | Leafy Cotyledon 1 |
| LEC2 | = | Leafy Cotyledon 2 |
| LHP1/TFL2 | = | Like Heterochromatin Protein 1/Terminal Flower 2 |
| lncRNA | = | long noncoding RNA |
| MEA | = | MEDEA |
| MSI1/2/3/4/5 | = | Multiple Suppressor OF IRA 1/2/3/4/5 |
| ncRNA | = | noncoding RNA |
| Nurf55/p55 | = | Nucleosome Remodeling Factor 55 kDa Subunit |
| Pc | = | Polycomb |
| PcG | = | Polycomb Group |
| PCL3 | = | Polycomb-Like 3 |
| PCL | = | Polycomb-Like |
| Ph | = | Polyhomeotic |
| PHD | = | Plant Homeodomain |
| PHE1 | = | PHERES 1 |
| Pho | = | PLEIOHOMEOTIC |
| PID | = | PINOID |
| PRC1 | = | Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 |
| PRC2 | = | Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 |
| PRE | = | Polycomb Response Element |
| POL II | = | RNA Polymerase II |
| POL V | = | RNA Polymerase V |
| Psc | = | Posterior Sex Combs |
| PSQ | = | PIPSQUEAK |
| RBAP46/48 | = | Retinoblastoma-Associated Protein 46 and 48 |
| RdDM | = | RNA Dependent DNA Methylation |
| RLE | = | Repressive LEC2 Element |
| SAM | = | Shoot Apical Meristem |
| Sce | = | Sex Comb Extra |
| SCR | = | Scarecrow |
| sncRNA | = | Short ncRNA |
| SEP3 | = | SEPALLATA 3 |
| STK | = | SEEDSTICK |
| STM | = | SHOOTMERISTEMLESS |
| SU(Z)12 | = | Suppressor of Zeste 12 |
| SP1 | = | Specificity Factor 1 |
| SWN | = | SWINGER |
| SVP | = | Short Vegetative Phase |
| TAF13 | = | TBP-Associated Factor 13 |
| TEL1 | = | Ten-Eleven Translocation 1 |
| UCL1 | = | Upward Curly Leaf 1 |
| VAL1/2/3 | = | VP1/ABI3-Like 1/2/3 |
| VEL1 | = | Vernalization 5/VIN3-Like 1 |
| VIL1 | = | VIN3-LIKE 1 |
| VIN2 | = | Vernalization Insensitive 2 |
| VIN3 | = | Vernalization Insensitive 3 |
| VRN1 | = | VERNALIZATION 1 |
| VRN2 | = | VERNALIZATION 2 |
| WUS | = | WUSCHEL. |
Funding
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [grant number 31371222] and Basic Research Fund for Key Laboratory of Education Department of Liaoning Province [grant number LZ2014033].