Mitoxantrone-Associated Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in a Patient with High-Risk Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: A Case Report and Brief Review

Abstract

Background: Mitoxantrone, a topoisomerase II-targeted drug, is used to treat several conditions and is a Food and Drug Administration approved chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Case Report: A 64-year-old male with high-risk prostate cancer was treated with adjuvant mitoxantrone (12 mg/meter²) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. Approximately 10 months after finishing therapy, he was diagnosed with an inv [] Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML). Despite aggressive treatment and support, the patient had a rapidly fatal clinical course. Conclusion: Despite its regular use in this setting, this is the first reported case of treatment-associated AML after mitoxantrone in prostate cancer.

Keywords:

• Mitoxantrone
• Prostatic neoplasms
• Acute myelogenous leukemia
• Secondary leukemia