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Abstract
Galectin-3 has been implicated in tumor progression. We demonstrated immunohistochemically that Galectin-3 was negative in normal breast tissue, but it was highly increased in breast cancer and in metastatic tissues to brain. Similarly, histochemistry with mucin-specific lectins showed increased recognition in breast tumor and metastasis with Machaerocereus eruca agglutinin (Fuα 1,2 (GalNAcα 1,3) Galß1,4 in complex mucin) but not for Amaranthus leucocarpus (Galß1,3-GalNAc-α 1,0-Ser/Thr) and Arachis hypogaea lectins (Galß1,3GalNAc/Galß1,4GlcNAc). Mucin-type glycans and Galectin-3 colocalized in breast cancer and metastasis, but not in normal tissue, suggesting upregulated biosynthesis of complex O-glycosidically linked glycans and Galectin-3 favor breast cancer progression and brain metastasis.
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | ||
| ALL | = | Amaranthus leucocarpus lectin |
| BSA | = | Bovine serum albumin |
| Ca2+ | = | Calcium |
| CaCl2 | = | Calcium chloride |
| DAPI | = | 4′,6-diamydine-2-phenylindole |
| FITC | = | Fluorescein Isothiocyanate |
| Gal | = | Galactose |
| GalNAc | = | N-Acetylgalactosamine |
| GFAP | = | Glial fibrillary acidic protein |
| GlcNAc | = | N-Acetylglusamine |
| INNN | = | Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia |
| MeA | = | Machaerocereus eruca agglutinin |
| NaCl | = | Sodium chloride |
| PBS | = | Phosphate buffer saline |
| PNA | = | Arachis hypogaea agglutinin |
| Ser | = | Serine |
| T-antigen | = | Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, disaccharide Galß1,3GalNAc |
| Thr | = | Threonine |
| Tn-antigen | = | Monosaccharide GalNAcα 1,0-Ser/Thr |
| UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide | = | Uridil-diphosphate GalNAc-transferase |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | ||
| ALL | = | Amaranthus leucocarpus lectin |
| BSA | = | Bovine serum albumin |
| Ca2+ | = | Calcium |
| CaCl2 | = | Calcium chloride |
| DAPI | = | 4′,6-diamydine-2-phenylindole |
| FITC | = | Fluorescein Isothiocyanate |
| Gal | = | Galactose |
| GalNAc | = | N-Acetylgalactosamine |
| GFAP | = | Glial fibrillary acidic protein |
| GlcNAc | = | N-Acetylglusamine |
| INNN | = | Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia |
| MeA | = | Machaerocereus eruca agglutinin |
| NaCl | = | Sodium chloride |
| PBS | = | Phosphate buffer saline |
| PNA | = | Arachis hypogaea agglutinin |
| Ser | = | Serine |
| T-antigen | = | Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, disaccharide Galß1,3GalNAc |
| Thr | = | Threonine |
| Tn-antigen | = | Monosaccharide GalNAcα 1,0-Ser/Thr |
| UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide | = | Uridil-diphosphate GalNAc-transferase |