Abstract
The associations of the immunological status of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) microenvironment with prognosis were assessed. A high tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density was associated with a better prognosis. Importantly, even with a high density of TILs, the PDA cells with programed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression showed a worse prognosis than the patients with negative PD-L1 expression. A significant association between a better prognosis and a tumor microenvironment with a high TIL density/negative PD-L1 expression was observed. Assessments of a combined immunological status in the tumor microenvironment may predict the prognosis of PDA patients following surgical resection.
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Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Author contributions
Conceptualization: Shigeo Koido; Data curation: Sayumi Yoshida, Zensho Ito, Machi Suka, Shin Kan, Takafumi Akasu, Masayuki Saruta, Masato Okamoto, Hiroaki Kitamura, Shuichi Fujioka, Takeyuki Misawa, Tadashi Akiba, Hiroyuki Yanagisawa, Haruo Sugiyama, Shigeo Koido; Formal analysis: Sayumi Yoshida, Zensho Ito, Machi Suka; Funding acquisition: Shigeo Koido; Investigation: Sayumi Yoshida, Zensho Ito, Machi Suka, Shin Kan; Methodology: Tsuuse Bito, Shigeo Koido; Project administration: Shigeo Koido; Writing: Shigeo Koido.