Aggregation in Organic Solutions of Malonamides: Consequences for Water Extraction

Abstract

The molecular organization of N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dioctylhexylethoxymalonamide (DMDOHEMA), the current reference extractant for the DIAMEX (DIAMide EXtraction) process, is correlated with its water extraction properties from neutral media. The aggregation of DMDOHEMA in n‐heptane was investigated by vapor pressure osmometry (VPO) and the aggregate speciation characterized by combined small‐angle neutron and X‐ray scattering (SANS and SAXS, respectively). Two approaches were taken to model the aggregation of the diamide and the water extraction as a function of the diamide concentration by taking into account a single aggregation equilibrium with an average aggregation number N equal to 4.28 ± 0.05; and a competition between two types of aggregates in the organic phase, namely, aggregates of the reverse micelle type with 4 diamides per aggregate, and an oligomeric structure composed of about 10 diamide molecules which appears at high extractant concentration (>1 mol/L). In both cases, the supramolecular speciation representing the monomers/aggregates distribution was determined, and for each supramolecular organization, a solubilization parameter was calculated using the Sergievskii‐Dannus relationship. Thus, the correlation between the two types of micellization of the diamide and the extraction of water into the organic phase was demonstrated. The larger aggregates can extract about five times more water than monomers.

Keywords:

• DIAMEX process
• malonamides
• aggregation
• liquid‐liquid extraction
• VPO
• water extraction
• supramolecular speciation

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to Bruno Démé, local contact at the D16 instrument (ILL, Grenoble, France), for his time and his help during the SANS acquisitions. We thank Dr. S. Seifert (Argonne National Laboratory) for generous assistance with the SAXS measurements.

The part of this work performed at the Argonne National Laboratory benefited from the use of the 12‐ID facility at the Advanced Photon Source and was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences, under contract No DE‐AC02‐06CH11357.