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Drying Technology
An International Journal
Volume 41, 2023 - Issue 10
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Research Articles

Ultrasonic freezing of polymers of various compositions before freeze drying: Effect of ultrasound on freezing kinetics and ice crystal size

Elizaveta Mokhovaa Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian FederationCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-6752
ORCID Icon,
Mariia Gordienkoa Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian FederationORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-9861
ORCID Icon,
Natalia Menshutinaa Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian FederationORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-1426
ORCID Icon,
Igor Gurskiyb Ice Cream Technology Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Refrigeration Industry – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Science Kostyakova, Moscow, Russian FederationORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-3472
ORCID Icon &
Antonina Tvorogovab Ice Cream Technology Laboratory, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Refrigeration Industry – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Science Kostyakova, Moscow, Russian FederationORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-9162
ORCID Icon
Pages 1663-1685 | Received 20 Oct 2022, Accepted 23 Jan 2023, Published online: 31 Jan 2023
 
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Abstract

The process of freezing (crystallization under cooling) is the preliminary preparation of samples for vacuum freeze drying. At this stage, the structure of the product is formed, which depends on the size of the resulting ice crystals. One of the most interesting and cost-effective ways to intensify the freezing stage and controlled nucleation is ultrasonic treatment. The effect of ultrasound with a power of 50 W and a frequency of 40000 Hz on the freezing kinetics and ice crystals size distribution were studied for polymers of various nature: sodium alginate, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and a cross-linked polyelectrolyte complex of alginate-chitosan. Cryoscopic temperatures for these polymers were determined. A mathematical model for calculating the kinetics of freezing and size distribution of ice crystals was implemented in Python.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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