![Sample our Language & Literature journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5941/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Language-Literature.jpg"})
Notes
1. This work is supported by the Fulbright Visiting Research Scholars Program under Grant Fulbright VRS 2018–2019.
2. All these concepts will be explained in the tables attached and note 33 (glossary).
3. Leys, The Analects of Confucius, xvi–xvii.
4. Ware (1955:17)
5. The information in this part comes from a project in which eight of our team members have scrutinized about twenty-seven complete translations of The Analects and published thirty papers that have been compiled into the book Exploring the Values and Technicalities of Major Overseas English Translations of The Analects since 1828 (Gangqiang He, 2017).
6. Nida (2001:188)
7. Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) was an Italian Jesuit missionary who introduced Christian teaching to the Chinese empire in the sixteenth century. He stayed in China for nearly thirty years and made great contributions to the exchange and understanding between China and the West.
8. Prospero Intorcetta (1626–1696) was an Italian Jesuit missionary to the Qing Empire, who arrived in China in 1659. He studied Chinese philosophy and published several works, including the Politico-Moral Knowledge of the Chinese (Sinarum Scientia Politico-moralis) (in 1667) and Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese (Confucius Sinarum Philosophus) (in 1687).
9. Marshman The Works of Confucius, i–ii.
10. Collie, The Four Books, i–iii.
11. Examples of mistranslation can be found in the paper by X. Zhang, “Religious Bias and Critical Views,” 44–48.
12. The Chinese Classics: With a Translation, Critical and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, and Copious Indexes, Hong Kong, 1861–72; Oxford, 1893.
13. Wang 2012:57
14. Li and Li, “A Study on English Translation,” 129.
15. Examples of domestication can be found in Qiang, “Comments on Ku Hung-Ming’s English translations of the Analects,” 81.
16 Lyall, Mencius, v.
17 X. Zhang, “Unbearable ‘Errors’ in Translation of Chinese Classics,” 104.
18. He, “On the ‘Twin Legitimacies’ in the Translating of The Analects,” 19.
19. He, “Pithy, Easy and Unconventional,” 2.
20. Lau 2008:i
21. Tao, “Seeking the True Meaning of Chinese Classics,” 49; Z. Liu, Citation2001, 17.
22. J. Liu, “‘Otherness’ Displayed Through a Plain Style and Errors Hidden in Insightful Explication,” 37.
23. Cheang, “The Master’s Voice,” 577.
24. Leys, The Analects of Confucius, xi.
25. More examples can be found in the article by Jingguo Liu, “A Critical Review of the English Translation of Lunyu,” 50–51.
26. Ames and Rosemont, 1998:x.
27. More examples can be found in “The Thick Translation in Confucius Analects,” by Defu Zhang, 112–115.
28. (Schaberg 2003b:cover)
29. Xu, Confucius Modernized, xi.
30. Liu, “Toward a Resemblance in Both Form and Spirit,” 23.
31. Chen, “Preface (I),” 5.
32. Leys, The Analects of Confucius, xxvi.
33. Glossary:
34. Leys, The Analects of Confucius, xvii.
35. I selected these seven versions because they are typical in the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries:
James Legge (1861): the first complete English version.
Thomas Francis Wade (1869): a literal translation with detailed annotations by a British diplomat.
Arthur Waley (1938): highly appreciated for its literary style.
Ezra Pound (1945): creative translation by employing the strategy of character-splitting.
Simon Leys (Citation1997): a writer’s translation, for both scholars and non-specialists.
Ames and Rosemont (1998): a philosophical interpretation.
Edward Slingerland (2003): the first complete English version in the 21st century, tinged with “thick translation.”
36. Tang, Ten Essays on Confucianism and Five Essays on Other Topics, 6.
37. D. C. Lau, 2008.
38. There is no character “仁” in this sentence, but the content is considered as part of “ren.”
39. D.C. Lau, 2008
40. Ames & Rosemont, 1998.
41. There is no character “仁” in this sentence, but the content is considered as part of “ren.”
42. Leys, The Analects of Confucius.
43. Legge, 1861
44. Waley, 1997
45. Leys, The Analects of Confucius.
46. Ames and Rosemont, 1998:49
47. Ibid., 51.
48. Li, 1999:16
49. Soothill, The Analects of Confucius, 185.
50. He, 2007:80
51. Pound, Confucius: Analects, 22.
52 Yang, “On the Translation of Chinese Philosophy,” 82
53 He, 2001:2.
54. It is translated according to Chinese Xinhua Dictionary.
55. Ames and Rosemont, 1998:311.
56. Translated by Ames and Rosemont, 1998
57. Leys, The Analects of Confucius, xvii.
58. Cheang, “The Master’s Voice,” 565.
59. Ames and Rosemont,1998:X
60. Dawson, 1993: xxvii
61. Ware, 1955:17.
62. Ames and Rosemont,1998:X
63. Ezra Pound, Confucius: Analects.
64. Chaeng, 2000, 569
65. Chaeng, 2000, 577.
66. Ames, 1998
67. Leys, The Analects of Confucius.
68. Pound, Confucius: Analects,