Oxetane Locked Thymidine in the Dickerson-Drew Dodecamer Causes Local Base Pairing Distortions—An NMR Structure and Hydration Study

Abstract

The introduction of a North-type sugar conformation constrained oxetane T block, 1-(1′,3′-O-anhydro-β-D-psicofuranosyl) thymine, at the T ⁷ position of the self-complementary Dickerson-Drew dodecamer, d[(5′-C¹G²C³G⁴A⁵A⁶ T ⁷T⁸C⁹G¹⁰C¹¹G¹²-3′)]₂, considerably perturbs the conformation of the four central base pairs, reducing the stability of the structure. UV spectroscopy and ID NMR display a drop in melting temperature of ∼10 °C per modification for the T ⁷ oxetane modified duplex, where the T ⁷ block has been introduced in both strands, compared to the native Dickerson-Drew dodecamer. The three dimensional structure has been determined by NMR spectroscopy and has subsequently been compared with the results of 2.4 ns MD simulations of the native and the T ⁷ oxetane modified duplexes. The modified T ⁷ residue is found to maintain its constrained sugar- and the related glycosyl torsion conformations in the duplex, resulting in staggered and stretched T ⁷·A⁶ and A⁶·T ⁷ nonlinear base pairs. The stacking is less perturbed, but there is an increased roll between the two central residues compared to the native counterpart, which is compensated by tilts of the neighboring base steps. The one dimensional melting profile of base protons of the T ⁷ and T ⁸ residues reveals that the introduction of the North-type sugar constrained thymine destabilizes the core of the modified duplex, promoting melting to start simultaneously from the center as well as from the ends. Temperature dependent hydration studies by NMR demonstrate that the central T ⁷·A⁶/A⁶·T⁷ base pairs of the T ⁷ oxetane modified Dickerson-Drew dodecamer have at least one order of magnitude higher water exchange rates (correlated to the opening rate of the base pair) than the corresponding base pairs in the native duplex.