Determining the Invariant Structure Elements of the HIV-1 Variable V3 Loops: Insight into the HIV-MN and HIV-Haiti Isolates

Abstract

The computer approaches that combined the 3D protein structure modeling with the mathematical statistics methods were used to compute the NMR-based 3D structures of the HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop for the HIV-MN and HIV-Haiti isolates in water as well as to compare their conformational characteristics with the purpose of determining the structure elements common for the two virus modifications. As a result, the variability of the amino acid sequence was found to stimulate the considerable structural rearrangements of the V3 loop. However, despite this fact, one functionally crucial stretch of V3 and a greater portion of its residues were shown to preserve the conformations in the viral strains of interest. To reveal the structural motifs and individual amino acids giving rise to the close conformations in the HIV-MN and HIV-Haiti V3 loops regardless of the sequence and environment variability, the simulated structures were collated with those deciphered previously in terms of NMR data in a water/trifluoroethanol mixed solvent. The structure elements and single residues of V3 residing in its biologically significant sites and keeping the conformations in all of the cases at question are considered to be the promising targets for anti-AIDS drugs studies. In this context, the structurally inflexible motifs of V3 presenting the weak units in the virus protection system may be utilized as the most convenient landing-places for molecular docking of the V3 loop and ligand structures followed by selecting chemical compounds suitable as a basis for the design of safe and effective antiviral agents.