http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-1946
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Abstract
Drug discovery for a vigorous and feasible lead candidate is a challenging scientific mission as it requires expertise, experience, and huge investment. Natural products and their derivatives having structural diversity are renowned source of therapeutic agents since many years. Tyrosol (a natural phenylethanoid) has been extracted from olive oil, and its structure was confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, FT-NMR, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The conformational analysis for tyrosol geometry was performed by Gaussian 09 in terms of density functional theory. Validation of bond lengths and bond angles obtained experimentally as well as theoretically were performed with the help of curve fitting analysis, and values of correlation coefficient (R) obtained as 0.988 and 0.984, respectively. The charge transfer within the tyrosol molecule was confirmed by analysis of HOMO→LUMO molecular orbitals. In molecular docking with COX-2 (PDB ID: 5F1A), tyrosol was found to possess satisfactory binding affinity as compared to other NSAIDs (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen) and a COX-2 selective drug (Celecoxib). ADMET prediction, drug-likeness and bioactivity score altogether confirm the lead/drug like potential of tyrosol. Further investigation of simulation quality plot, RMSD and RMSF plots, ligands behavior plot as well as post simulation analysis manifest the consistency of 5F1A-tyrosol complex throughout the 20 ns molecular simulation process that signifies its compactness and stability within the receptor pocket.
| Abbreviations | ||
| ADMET | = | Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity |
| Å | = | Angstrom |
| COX-2 | = | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| DFT | = | Density Functional Theory |
| DMF | = | Dimethylformamide |
| FMO | = | Frontier Molecular Orbital |
| FT-IR | = | Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy |
| FT-NMR | = | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
| HOMO | = | Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital |
| LUMO | = | Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital |
| MD | = | Molecular Dynamics |
| NS | = | Nanosecond |
| NSAIDs | = | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| OPE | = | Osiris Property Explorer |
| RMSD | = | Root-Mean-Square Deviation |
| RMSF | = | Root Sean Square Fluctuation |
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to IIT Roorkee, IIT Indore, and IIIT Allahabad for instrumentation facilities and research environment. TCY and NK are thankful to MHRD and UGC (award letter no. 201718-PDFSS-2017-18-UTT-17095) for SRF and Postdoctoral fellowship, respectively. Authors are highly thankful to Dr. Nidhi Goel (Department of Chemistry, BHU Varanasi) for solving the crystal structure of tyrosol. Tara Chand Yadav and Naresh Kumar contributed equally in this research article.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.