In silico evaluation of 4-thiazolidinone-based inhibitors against the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)

Abstract

Non-enzymatic glycation of biomolecules by reducing sugars led to several products, including the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the accumulation of which has been linked to various life-threatening diseases. The binding of AGEs to their respective protein receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) can initiate a cascade of reactions, which may alter physiological conditions. The present work investigates the potential of 4-thiazolidinones as RAGE inhibitors. We performed an extensive computational study to identify the structural requirements needed to act as RAGE inhibitors. To achieve this goal, 4-thiazolidinone-based compounds available in PubChem, ZINC15, ChEMBL, and ChEBI databases were screened against RAGE (PDB: 4LP5), leading to the identification of top five drug-like candidates with a high binding affinity to RAGE V‐domain catalytic region. Drug likeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of the top-scoring compounds have been studied and discussed. Global molecular descriptors, chemical reactivity, hardness, softness, etc., have been estimated. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at 100 ns were carried out to check the stability and other properties. Overall, we believe that the identified compounds can potentially attenuate RAGE–AGE interactions.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Receptor for advanced glycation end products
• docking
• 4-thiazolidinones
• MD simulation
• MM-GBSA

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

All relevant data are within the paper and its supporting information files.

Additional information

Funding

This research has been funded by Scientific Research Deanship at University of Ha’il-Saudi Arabia through project number MDR-22 022.