Repurposing of SARS-CoV-2 compounds against Marburg Virus using MD simulation, mm/GBSA, PCA analysis, and free energy landscape

Abstract

The significant mortality rate associated with Marburg virus infection made it the greatest hazard among infectious diseases. Drug repurposing using in silico methods has been crucial in identifying potential compounds that could prevent viral replication by targeting the virus’s primary proteins. This study aimed at repurposing the drugs of SARS-CoV-2 for identifying potential candidates against the matrix protein VP40 of the Marburg virus. Virtual screening was performed where the control compound, Nilotinib, showed a binding score of −9.99 kcal/mol. Based on binding scores, hit compounds 9549298, 11960895, 44545852, 51039094, and 89670174 were selected that had a lower binding score than the control. Subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that compound 9549298 consistently formed a hydrogen bond with the residue Gln²⁹⁰. This was observed both in molecular docking and MD simulation poses, indicating a strong and significant interaction with the protein. 11960895 had the most stable and consistent RMSD pattern exhibited in 100 ns simulation, while 9549298 had the most identical RMSD plot compared to the control molecule. MM/PBSA analysis showed that the binding free energy (ΔG) of 9549298 and 11960895 was lower than the control, with −30.84 and −38.86 kcal/mol, respectively. It was observed by the PCA (principal component analysis) and FEL (free energy landscape) analysis that compounds 9549298 and 11960895 had lesser conformational variation. Overall, this study proposed 9549298 and 11960895 as potential binders of VP40 MARV that can cause its inhibition, however it inherently lacks experimental validation. Furthermore, the study proposes in-vitro experiments as the next step to validate these computational findings, offering a practical approach to further explore these compounds’ potential as antiviral agents.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• SARS-CoV-2
• Marburg virus
• drug purposing
• In silico study
• MD simulation and PCA

Acknowledgments

The Authors would like to thank Sharda University and Quanta Calculus for providing the facilities for this work.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare there are no substantial financial or commercial conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This manuscript does not involve any study with human participants or animals to be performed by any of the authors.